Effect of processing and flavour fine-tuning techniques on the volatile flavour constituents of pseudocereals and some minor cereals

Different processing techniques have been used for many centuries to increase the amount of bioactive components and the subsequent fine-tuning of flavour compounds of pseudocereals and the lesser cereals. After an introduction into the different processing methods that leads to the formation of characteristic flavours in pseudocereal and the lesser cereal products, results of studies aimed at indicating the influence of biotechnical processes (e.g. germination and malting), sourdough/sourslurry fermentation and thermal processing on the final aroma of pseudocereal and the lesser cereal products are summarized in this review. Also, the characteristic flavour compounds in both the native and the products of the pseudocereals and the lesser cereals coupled with their stability are highlighted with respect to their contribution to the overall aroma

Influence of starter culture on the physicochemical properties of rice bran sourdough and physical quality of sourdough bread

The effect of mixed strain culture of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and Yeast, and yeast or L. brevis, L. plantarum, or L. sanfranciscencison the physicochemical properties (pH, TTA, organic acid, ethanol, and sugar content) of rice bran sourdough was investigated. Starter culture with optimum physicochemical properties was used to ferment rice and wheat bran for sourdough production. Rice and wheat bran sourdough and non-fermented rice and wheat bran were mixed with wheat flour at 10% substitution level for bread production. Results showed that rice bran fermented with L. plantarumhad the best physicochemical properties compared to rice bran sourdough produced by other LAB or mixed culture. The specific volume of bread sample made with rice bran sourdough (4.65 cm3/g) was higher than that of the bread samples made from wheat bran sourdough (4.32 cm3/g) and non-fermented bran (3.74 –4.24 cm3/g), but not significantly different from the control (100% wheat) bread (4.85 cm3/g). The crumb colour of the rice bran and rice bran sourdough substituted bread was lighter than that of the other bread samples. Crust colour of all the bread samples was not significantly different (p > 0.05). At the end of 6 days storage period, bread samples from control and wheat bran sourdough were firmer than that from rice bran sourdough, however, crumb firmness values were highest in non-fermented bran substituted bread. Sensory analysis result revealed that rice bran sourdough bread was more acceptable than wheat bran sourdough bread, and non-fermented rice and wheat bran substituted bread