Effect of Adiposity and Type of Antipsychotic Medication on Plasma Levels of Resistin and Adiponectin in Patients with Major Mental Illnesses

Metabolic alteration is not uncommon in patients with major mental illnesses (MMI) and adipokines are thought to play some roles. Presently, the link between adiposity, adipokines release and MMI is still poorly understood. This study was carried out to determine the possible impact of central adiposity and type of antipsychotic medication on plasma levels of adiponectin and resistin in patients with MMI. Plasma levels of adiponectin and resistin were determined in ninety adults comprising 65 patients with MMI and 25 apparently healthy individuals, who served as controls. Anthropometry and blood pressure (BP) of the study participants were taken using standard methods. Anthropometric indices, BP and plasma level of adiponectin, but not resistin, were significantly higher in patients with MMI compared with the controls. The median plasma adiponectin level was significantly higher in patients with depression compared with patients with schizophrenia and the controls. However, the median plasma levels of adiponectin and resistin were insignificantly higher in patients with central obesity compared with patients without central obesity and in patients on atypical drugs compared with patients on typical drugs. Also, there was no significant difference in the median plasma levels of adiponectin and resistin in patients on clozapine or olanzapine compared with those on risperidone. It could be concluded from this study that patients with MMI have elevated level of adiponectin which does not appear to be influenced by central adiposity and type of antipsychotic medication

Risk and prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients with major mental health disorders

Background: The bi directional association between major mental health disorders (MMHD) and diabetes mellitus (DM) is well established. Presently, there is little information on the risk and prevalence of DM in Nigerians with MMHD.Objective: To determine the risk and prevalence of DM in Nigerians with MMHD.Design: Cross-sectional studySetting: New World Psychiatry Hospital, Ibadan, NigeriaSubjects: Plasma levels of glucose was determined after an overnight fast and at 120 minutes (2-h PG) of a standard 75-g oral glucose tolerance test in 124 patients with MMHD. Thereafter, normoglycaemia, pre-diabetes and diabetes were defined using the American Diabetes Association criteria. Also, the risk of developing DM within 10 years was assessed using the Finnish Diabetes Association DM Risk Assessment Form.Results: Seventy eight (62.9%), 37 (29.8%) and 9 (7.3%) of the patients had normoglycaemia, pre-diabetes and DM respectively. Only 2 patients had high diabetes risk score. There was progressive rise in 2-h PG level as the diabetes risk score increases. The mean 2-h PG was significantly higher in moderate-and-high risk group combined (MHR) compared with the low risk (LR) group. Also, the proportion of patients with pre-diabetes increased progressively from LR through MHR.Conclusion: Dysglycaemia is not a rare occurrence in Nigerians with MMHD and it appears to be more prevalent in them than in the Nigerian general population. Also, high diabetes risk score could be a strong indication for glucose tolerance testing

Unmet need for treatment of substance use disorders in nigeria

Evidences indicate a high unmet need for the treatment of individuals with substance use disorders in Nigeria. This review highlighted factors that accounted for such unmet needs such as inadequate or lack of data that will drive effective intervention,  dearth in the number of experts in the addiction field , inadequate infrastructure , lack of pharmacological  agents needed for treatment, poor understanding of cultural factors were highlighted. In this paper, we discuss these issues, including a number of recommendations.Keywords : Unmet Need ; Substance Use Disorders; Treatment; Nigeri