The Twin Cities Hospice Movement

This historical study analyzed information about the development of hospice from ancient times to the modern hospice movement. In this study special attention is given to the modern hospice movement, which began in Britain in 1967, and began in the United States in 1974. The purpose of this historical study was to explore and discuss the development of hospice programs Twin Cities, MN, as compared to the hospice movement on a national level. The study will describe the local hospice movement as seen through the experiences of three local death and dying activists. Throughout the study, the social ideals behind the hospice movement and the perceived social need the hospice movement sought to meet will be shown through the actions of the people involved in the hospice movement

The Financial Status of North Dakota Farmers and Ranchers: January 1, 1985, Survey Results

Agricultural Finance,

Shear Thickening and Scaling of the Elastic Modulus in a Fractal Colloidal System with Attractive Interactions

Dilute oil dispersions of fractal carbon black particles with attractive Van der Waals interactions display continuous shear thickening followed by shear thinning at high shear rates. The shear thickening transition occurs at $\dot\gamma_{c}\approx 10^{2}-10^{3}s^{-1}$ and is driven by hydrodynamic breakup of clusters. Pre-shearing dispersions at shear rates $\dot\gamma>\dot\gamma_{c}$ produces enhanced-modulus gels where $G' \sim \sigma_{pre-shear}^{1.5-2}$ and is directly proportional to the residual stress in the gel measured at a fixed sample age. The observed data can be accounted for using a simple scaling model for the breakup of fractal clusters under shear stress.Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures; v2: treating low shear rate date separately; edited title; reworked figure

Analysis Of Variance With Summary Statistics In Microsoft Excel

Students regularly are asked to solve Single Factor Analysis of Variance problems given only the sample summary statistics (number of observations per category, category means, and corresponding category standard deviations).   Most undergraduate students today use Excel for data analysis of this type.  However, Excel, like all other statistical software packages, requires an input data set in order to invoke its Anova: Single Factor procedure.  The purpose of this paper is therefore to provide the student with an Excel macro that, given just the sample summary statistics as input, generates an equivalent underlying data set.  This data set can then be used as the required input data set in Excel for Single Factor Analysis of Variance

Strabismus surgery complications: prevention and management

Journal ArticleStrabismus surgery is increasingly becoming a subspecialty domain, especially with cyclovertical muscles, restricted muscles, or reoperations. While is impossible to completely eliminate complications from strabimus surgery, it is possible to minimize their occurrence and significance by proper prevention and management. In general, the best policy for avoiding poor outcomes from complicated surgery is to perform procedures only for which one has been fully trained and has the necessary experience. This update will describe intraoperative and postoperative complications of strabismus surgery, emphasizing their prevention and management

Defect-Mediated Emulsification in Two Dimensions

We consider two dimensional dispersions of droplets of isotropic phase in a liquid with an XY-like order parameter, tilt, nematic, and hexatic symmetries being included. Strong anchoring boundary conditions are assumed. Textures for a single droplet and a pair of droplets are calculated and a universal droplet-droplet pair potential is obtained. The interaction of dispersed droplets via the ordered phase is attractive at large distances and repulsive at short distances, which results in a well defined preferred separation for two droplets and topological stabilization of the emulsion. This interaction also drives self-assembly into chains. Preferred separations and energy barriers to coalescence are calculated, and effects of thermal fluctuations and film thickness are discussed.Comment: revtex4, 13 pages, 12 figure

Molecular Hydrogen Kinematics in Cepheus A

We present the radial velocity structure of the molecular hydrogen outflows associated to the star forming region Cepheus A. This structure is derived from doppler shift of the H_2 v=1-0 S(1) emission line obtained by Fabry-Perot spectroscopy. The East and West regions of emission, called Cep A(E) and Cep A(W), show radial velocities in the range -20 to 0 km/s with respect to the molecular cloud. Cep A(W) shows an increasing velocity with position offset from the core indicating the existence of a possible accelarating machanism. Cep A(E) has an almost constant mean radial velocity of -18 km/s along the region although with a large dispersion in velocity, indicating the possibility of a turbulent outflow. A detailed analysis of the Cep A(E) region shows evidence for the presence of a Mach disk on that outflow. Also, we argue that the presence of a velocity gradient in Cep A(W) is indicative of a C-shock in this region. Following Riera et al. (2003), we analyzed the data using wavelet analysis to study the line width and the central radial velocity distributions. We found that both outflows have complex spatial and velocity structures characteristic of a turbulent flow.Comment: 24 pages, 15 figure

Spatially distinct, temporally stable microbial populations mediate biogeochemical cycling at and below the seafloor in hydrothermal vent fluids

© The Author(s), 2017. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Environmental Microbiology 20 (2018): 769–784, doi:10.1111/1462-2920.14011.At deep-sea hydrothermal vents, microbial communities thrive across geochemical gradients above, at, and below the seafloor. In this study, we determined the gene content and transcription patterns of microbial communities and specific populations to understand the taxonomy and metabolism both spatially and temporally across geochemically different diffuse fluid hydrothermal vents. Vent fluids were examined via metagenomic, metatranscriptomic, genomic binning, and geochemical analyses from Axial Seamount, an active submarine volcano on the Juan de Fuca Ridge in the NE Pacific Ocean, from 2013 to 2015 at three different vents: Anemone, Marker 33, and Marker 113. Results showed that individual vent sites maintained microbial communities and specific populations over time, but with spatially distinct taxonomic, metabolic potential, and gene transcription profiles. The geochemistry and physical structure of each vent both played important roles in shaping the dominant organisms and metabolisms present at each site. Genomic binning identified key populations of SUP05, Aquificales and methanogenic archaea carrying out important transformations of carbon, sulfur, hydrogen, and nitrogen, with groups that appear unique to individual sites. This work highlights the connection between microbial metabolic processes, fluid chemistry, and microbial population dynamics at and below the seafloor and increases understanding of the role of hydrothermal vent microbial communities in deep ocean biogeochemical cycles.Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Grant Number: GBMF3297; NSF Center for Dark Energy Biosphere Investigations Grant Number: OCE—0939564; Schmidt Ocean Institut