On the K-theory of division algebras over local fields

Let $K$ be a complete discrete valuation field with finite residue field of characteristic $p$, and let $D$ be a central division algebra over $K$ of finite index $d$. Thirty years ago, Suslin and Yufryakov showed that for all prime numbers $\ell$ different from $p$ and integers $j \geq 1$ , there exists a "reduced norm" isomorphism of $\ell$-adic $K$-groups $\operatorname{Nrd}_{D/K} \colon K_j(D,\mathbb{Z}_{\ell}) \to K_j(K,\mathbb{Z}_{\ell})$ such that $d \cdot \operatorname{Nrd}_{D/K}$ is equal to the norm homomorphism $N_{D/K}$. The purpose of this paper is to prove the analogous result for the $p$-adic $K$-groups. To do so, we employ the cyclotomic trace map to topological cyclic homology and show that there exists a "reduced trace" equivalence $\operatorname{Trd}_{A/S} \colon \operatorname{THH}(A\,|\,D,\mathbb{Z}_p) \to \operatorname{THH}(S\,|\,K,\mathbb{Z}_p)$ between two $p$-complete cyclotomic spectra associated with $D$ and $K$, respectively. Interestingly, we show that if $p$ divides $d$, then it is not possible to choose said equivalence such that, as maps of cyclotomic spectra, $d \cdot \operatorname{Trd}_{A/S}$ agrees with the trace $\operatorname{Tr}_{A/S}$, although this is possible as maps of spectra with $\mathbb{T}$-action

Non-Invasive Bleaching of the Human Lens by Femtosecond Laser Photolysis

Background: Globally, cataract is the leading cause of blindness and impaired vision. Cataract surgery is an attractive treatment option but it remains unavailable in sufficient quantity for the vast majority of the world population living in areas without access to specialized health care. Reducing blindness from cataract requires solutions that can be applied outside operating theatres. Cataract is a protein conformational disease characterized by accumulation of light absorbing, fluorescent and scattering protein aggregates. The aim of the study was to investigate whether these compounds were susceptible to photobleaching by a non-invasive procedure and whether this would lead to optical rejuvenation of the lens. Methodology/Principal Findings: Nine human donor lenses were treated with an 800 nm infra-red femtosecond pulsed laser in a treatment zone measuring 16160.52 mm. After laser treatment the age-induced yellow discoloration of the lens was markedly reduced and the transmission of light was increased corresponding to an optical rejuvenation of 3 to 7 years. Conclusions/Significance: The results demonstrate that the age-induced yellowing of the human lens can be bleached by a non-invasive procedure based on femtosecond laser photolysis. Cataract is a disease associated with old age. At the current technological stage, lens aging is delayed but with a treatment covering the entire lens volume complete optical rejuvenation is expected. Thus, femtosecond photolysis has the potential clinical value of replacing invasive cataract surgery by a non-invasive treatment modality that can be placed in mobile units, thus breaking down many of the barriers impedin

Prediction and in vitro verification of potential CTL epitopes conserved among PRRSV-2 strains

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) is the causative agent of one of the most important porcine diseases with a high impact on animal health, welfare, and production economy. PRRSV exhibits a multitude of immunoevasive strategies that, in combination with a very high mutation rate, has hampered the development of safe and broadly protective vaccines. Aiming at a vaccine inducing an effective cytotoxic T cell response, a bioinformatics approach was taken to identify conserved PRRSV-derived peptides predicted to react broadly with common swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) class I alleles. Briefly, all possible 9- and 10-mer peptides were generated from 104 complete PRRSV type 2 genomes of confirmed high quality, and peptides with high binding affinity to five common SLAs were identified combining the NetMHCpan and positional scanning combinatorial peptide libraries binding predictions. Predicted binders were prioritized according to genomic conservation and SLA coverage using the PopCover algorithm. From this, 53 peptides were acquired for further analysis. Binding affinity and stability of a subset of 101 peptide-SLA combinations were validated in vitro for 4 of the 5 SLAs. Eventually, 23% of the predicted peptide-SLA combinations showed to form complexes with a dissociation half-life ≥30 min. Additionally, combining the two prediction methods proved to be more robust across alleles than either method used alone in terms of predicted-to-observed correlations. In summary, our approach represents a finely tuned epitope prediction pipeline providing a rationally selected ensemble of peptides for future in vivo experiments with pigs expressing the included SLAs.Fil: Welner, Simon. Technical University of Denmark; DinamarcaFil: Nielsen, Morten. Technical University of Denmark; Dinamarca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas; ArgentinaFil: Rasmussen, Michael. Universidad de Copenhagen; DinamarcaFil: Buus, Søren. Universidad de Copenhagen; DinamarcaFil: Jungersen, Gregers. Technical University of Denmark; DinamarcaFil: Larsen, Lars Erik. Technical University of Denmark; Dinamarc

Smartphones Get Emotional: Mind Reading Images and Reconstructing the Neural Sources

Combining a 14 channel neuroheadset with a smartphone to capture and process brain imaging data, we demonstrate the ability to distinguish among emotional responses re ected in dierent scalp potentials when viewing pleasant and unpleasant pictures compared to neutral content. Clustering independent components across subjects we are able to remove artifacts and identify common sources of synchronous brain activity, consistent with earlier ndings based on conventional EEG equipment. Applying a Bayesian approach to reconstruct the neural sources not only facilitates dierentiation of emotional responses but may also provide an intuitive interface for interacting with a 3D rendered model of brain activity. Integrating a wireless EEG set with a smartphone thus offers completely new opportunities for modeling the mental state of users as well as providing a basis for novel bio-feedback applications