Distribution of the Lewis phenotypes among gastritis and MALT lymphoma strains of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> according to the <i>cag</i>PAI status.

*<p>Odds of being MALT/odds of being gastritis, with adjustment for gender and age.</p

Signal-sequence coding region of the <i>fut</i>A and <i>fut</i>B genes and deduced amino acid sequences of 10 Le^x/y negative <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> strains.

<p>G: gastritis strain. M: MALT strain. The stop codon is indicated in bold type for strains having the “off” status (except for strains M48, G32 for the <i>fut</i>A locus, and M30, M48, M33 and G32 for the <i>fut</i>B locus) and the end of the protein is indicated by an asterisk.</p

Motility and genome size of <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> water isolates.

<p>Comparison of motility and genome size of the seven <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> water isolates. Plasmids are included in the genome size. <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> reference strains 81–176 and NCTC 11168 were included for comparison.</p

Presence (+) or absence (-) of gene/ORF involved in flagellar motility in the <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> water isolates.

<p>Presence (+) or absence (-) of gene/ORF involved in flagellar motility in the <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> water isolates.</p

Adherence/Invasion and IL-8 induction of <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> water isolates.

<p>(a) The adherence/invasion of <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> water isolates to HT-29 cells 1 h post infection shown as percentage of the starting culture. (b) The induction of IL-8 levels at 2 h post infection shown as fold increase over uninfected cells. Mean values of three independent infections with error bars indicating SDs are shown. ST type and CCs shown where available (ua = unassigned).</p

Motility and biofilm formation of the <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> water isolates.

<p>Motility shown as swarming diameters in soft agar plates. Mean values of 3 experiments with error bars indicating SDs are shown. Biofilm positive isolates shown in dark grey and negative isolates in light grey. The <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> strain 76577 was included as a positive control for biofilm formation. The <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> strains NCTC 11168 and 81–176 and the <i>C</i>. <i>coli</i> strain 76339 were included for comparison. ST types and CCs are shown where available (ua = unassigned).</p

Baseline demographic data.

BackgroundFaecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is recommended treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and is studied as a potential modifier of other gastrointestinal and systemic disorders. Autologous FMT limits the potential risks of donor transplant material and enables prophylactic treatment. Capsulized FMT is convenient and accessible, but safety data are lacking.AimsTo describe safety and tolerability of capsules containing autologous FMT, compared to placebo, in healthy volunteers treated with antibiotics.MethodHealthy volunteers without antibiotic exposure during the past three months, that had a negative Clostridioides difficile stool sample, were recruited. Study persons donated faeces for production of capsules containing autologous microbiota. They were then given Clindamycin for seven days to disrupt the intestinal microbiota, which was followed by a two-day washout. Study persons were then randomized (1:1) to unsupervised treatment with autologous faecal matter or placebo, with two capsules twice daily for five days. A standardized questionnaire about side effects and tolerability, daily until day 28, and on days 60 and 180, was completed.ResultsTwenty-four study persons were included, all completed the treatment. One person from the placebo and FMT groups each, were lost to follow up from days 21 and 60, respectively. No study person experienced serious side effects, but severe fatigue was reported during the antibiotic period (n = 2). Reported side effects were mild to moderate and there were no significant differences between the groups. Reported general and intestinal health improved significantly and similarly in both groups after the antibiotic treatment. Time to normalized intestinal habits were 17 and 19 days from study start in the placebo group and the FMT group, respectively (p = 0.8).ConclusionCapsulized frozen autologous faecal microbiota transplantation was safe and well tolerated but did not affect time to normalized intestinal habits compared to placebo.Trial registrationEudraCT 2017-002418-30.</div

Water sample collection information and genetic description for the <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> water isolates.

<p>Water sample collection information and genetic description for the <i>C</i>. <i>jejuni</i> water isolates.</p

Reporting checklist for randomised trial.

BackgroundFaecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is recommended treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and is studied as a potential modifier of other gastrointestinal and systemic disorders. Autologous FMT limits the potential risks of donor transplant material and enables prophylactic treatment. Capsulized FMT is convenient and accessible, but safety data are lacking.AimsTo describe safety and tolerability of capsules containing autologous FMT, compared to placebo, in healthy volunteers treated with antibiotics.MethodHealthy volunteers without antibiotic exposure during the past three months, that had a negative Clostridioides difficile stool sample, were recruited. Study persons donated faeces for production of capsules containing autologous microbiota. They were then given Clindamycin for seven days to disrupt the intestinal microbiota, which was followed by a two-day washout. Study persons were then randomized (1:1) to unsupervised treatment with autologous faecal matter or placebo, with two capsules twice daily for five days. A standardized questionnaire about side effects and tolerability, daily until day 28, and on days 60 and 180, was completed.ResultsTwenty-four study persons were included, all completed the treatment. One person from the placebo and FMT groups each, were lost to follow up from days 21 and 60, respectively. No study person experienced serious side effects, but severe fatigue was reported during the antibiotic period (n = 2). Reported side effects were mild to moderate and there were no significant differences between the groups. Reported general and intestinal health improved significantly and similarly in both groups after the antibiotic treatment. Time to normalized intestinal habits were 17 and 19 days from study start in the placebo group and the FMT group, respectively (p = 0.8).ConclusionCapsulized frozen autologous faecal microbiota transplantation was safe and well tolerated but did not affect time to normalized intestinal habits compared to placebo.Trial registrationEudraCT 2017-002418-30.</div

Flowchart for study population.

BackgroundFaecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is recommended treatment for recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection and is studied as a potential modifier of other gastrointestinal and systemic disorders. Autologous FMT limits the potential risks of donor transplant material and enables prophylactic treatment. Capsulized FMT is convenient and accessible, but safety data are lacking.AimsTo describe safety and tolerability of capsules containing autologous FMT, compared to placebo, in healthy volunteers treated with antibiotics.MethodHealthy volunteers without antibiotic exposure during the past three months, that had a negative Clostridioides difficile stool sample, were recruited. Study persons donated faeces for production of capsules containing autologous microbiota. They were then given Clindamycin for seven days to disrupt the intestinal microbiota, which was followed by a two-day washout. Study persons were then randomized (1:1) to unsupervised treatment with autologous faecal matter or placebo, with two capsules twice daily for five days. A standardized questionnaire about side effects and tolerability, daily until day 28, and on days 60 and 180, was completed.ResultsTwenty-four study persons were included, all completed the treatment. One person from the placebo and FMT groups each, were lost to follow up from days 21 and 60, respectively. No study person experienced serious side effects, but severe fatigue was reported during the antibiotic period (n = 2). Reported side effects were mild to moderate and there were no significant differences between the groups. Reported general and intestinal health improved significantly and similarly in both groups after the antibiotic treatment. Time to normalized intestinal habits were 17 and 19 days from study start in the placebo group and the FMT group, respectively (p = 0.8).ConclusionCapsulized frozen autologous faecal microbiota transplantation was safe and well tolerated but did not affect time to normalized intestinal habits compared to placebo.Trial registrationEudraCT 2017-002418-30.</div