Ghosting the past: Exploring Mark Antony’s ghost as an allegory on history in Jodelle’s Cléopâtre captive

This paper explores how Antony as a ghost in Act I of Étienne Jodelle’s Cléopâtre captive (1553) engages spectators in a reflection on history. By drawing on Walter Benjamin’s discussion of the ghost figure in the German mourning play, the paper reinterprets Antony’s ghost as a borderline figure both caught up in the dramatic action and a figure apt to reflect on the nature of history. This is done by firstly re-examining Jodelle’s creative merging of the protatic ghost found in Seneca’s Thyestes and Agamemnon and the ghostly dream vision from Pseudo-Seneca’s Octavia, and secondly by paying attention to Antony’s treatment of concepts such as God-given order and vicissitude

What is a protagonist?:A computationally assisted analysis of the character centrality of Cleopatra and Sophonisbe in early modern French drama

Early modern French dramas c.1550–1660 stage a multitude of female figures. Two of the most popular were the Greek-Egyptian ruler Cleopatra and the Carthaginian noblewoman Sophonisbe who all in all appear in no less than 13 French tragedies from this period including some of the period's most important ones. In this article we undertake the first comparative and structural investigation of both figures' importance within the corpus by combining computationally assisted social network analysis and traditional close reading. By defining importance quantitatively based on four centrality measurements, we substantiate recent scholarship's highlighting of early modern dramatists' gendered interest and question traditional scholarly notions of protagonism

The tragedy of being a historical creature:Gender and history in Nicolas de Montreux’s La Sophonisbe (1601)

This article explores the relationship between gender and history in Nicolas de Montreux’s historical tragedy La Sophonisbe (1601), specifically how the drama uses the historical female figure of Sophonisbe to negotiate what it means to take part in history. By engaging Walter Benjamin’s notion of the chaste martyr and her affinities with history in the German Trauerspiel, the article draws novel attention to historico-philosophical elements in Montreux’s drama and begins an analytical exploration of the often noticed but unexplored question in modern scholarship of gender in French humanist drama.</p

History Incarnate:Genus and Genre in French Historical Drama

Denne afhandling studerer genopdagelsen af græsk og romersk tragediedigtning i the 16. og 17. århundrede i Frankrig og denne traditions bemærkelsesværdige interesse for kvindelige figurer fra romersk historie: den ægyptiske dronning Kleopatra den 7. (69-30 f.Kr.) og den kartagiske adelskvinde og numidiske dronning Sophonisba (død 203 f.Kr.). Fra at have været bipersoner hos romerske og græske historikere så som Livius, Appian, Cassius Dio og Plutarch, blev Kleopatra og Sophonisba de to mest populære tragiske heltinder godt ind i det 17. århundrede, hvor nye dramatiske normer satte spørgsmålstegn ved deres tilstedeværelse på scenen.Afhandlingen analyserer betydningen af disse to kvindelige figurer som prismatiske eksempler på dramaets historiereflektioner. Den ønsker at bidrage til det mange gange bemærkede, men endnu underudforskede spørgsmål om interessen for kvindelige ofre i tidlig moderne fransk drama. Det underliggende argument er, at Kleopatras og Sophonisbas popularitet skyldes periodens forståelse af tragedien som en genre, der ikke bare omhandler historiske personer, men handler om historieskrivning. Med det mener jeg, at periodens drama ikke bare tager historie, i dette tilfælde romersk historie, som inspirationskilde, men præsenterer Kleopatra og Sophonisba som legemliggjort historisk refleksion om historicitet så vel som historiografi.Del 1 fremlægger afhandlingens fokus, teoretiske tilgang, metodiske greb, hovedpointer og perspektiver. Del 2 består af fem artikler, der ved at kombinere distant reading, computerassisteret social netværksanalyse, komparativ analyse og litterære tekstlæsninger sammenlagt giver et nyt perspektiv på, hvad der oftest kaldes humanist tragedie. Artikel 1 "Introduction: Rediscovering Sophonisba in Early Modern Literature" (Nordic Journal of Renaissance Studies, vol. 20, 2023) tilbyder en præsentation af Sophonisba figuren i fransk, italiensk, hollandsk, kretansk, tysk og engelsk drama og poesi fra perioden 1400-1700. Den bruger indsigterne fra andre specialiserede artikler til at fremsætte tre hovedårsager til Sophonisba's transnationale betydning i den tidlig moderne periode.Artikel 2 "The tragedy of being a historical creature" (Orbis Litterarum, vol. 78, no. 1, 2013) analyserer en af de underkendte franske Sophonisba-skuespil, La Sophonisba (ukendt opførsel, udgivet 1601) af humanisten og soldaten Nicolas de Montreux. Artiklen engagerer Walter Benjamins begreb om den dydige martyr og hendes affinitet med historien i det tyske sørgespil så vel som Montreuxs afvigelser fra hans dramatiske forgængere til at analysere, hvordan Sophonisba-historien bliver brugt til at diskutere forskellige historieopfattelser om hvorvidt historien er uforudsigelige eller guddommeligt ordnet.Artikel 3 "What is a protagonist?" (Orbis Litterarum, vol. 78, no. 5, 2023) undersøger Kleopatra og Sophonisbas betydning i 13 franske tragedier fra det 16. og 17. århundrede ved hjælpe af computerassisteret social netværksanalyse. Artiklen kvalificerer ny forsknings fremhævning af periodens interesse for kvindelige figurer og sætter spørgsmålstegn ved den traditionelle definition af en protagonist. Dette gøres ved at definere betydning kvantitativt baseret på fire centralitetsberegninger. Artikel 4 "Tragisk hjältinna eller skurkaktig rollfigur?" (udkommer på Appell Förlag, 2024) og artikel 5 "Ghosting the past" (Arrêt sur scène/ Scene Focus, vol. 11, 2022) vender sig mod Kleopatra i et henholdsvist komparativt og kontekstuelt perspektiv. Artikel 4 analyserer forskelle i otte franske tragedier fra det 16. og 17. århundrede og hvordan disse er forbundet til forandrede opfattelser om moralitet og historisk stof i tragediedigtningen. Artikel 5 vender tilbage til Benjamin for at analysere Markus Antonius som spøgelse i prologen til Étienne Jodelles Cléopâtre captive (opført 1553, udgivet posthumt 1574), og hvordan han engagerer tilskuerne i refleksion over historiens gang som enten guddommeligtstyret eller som retningsløs omskiftelighed. Ud over Benjamin genbesøger artiklen også spørgsmålet om Jodelles forhold til spøgelsesfiguren som prologisk figur fra Senecas Thyestes og Agamemnon og spøgelsesagtige drømmevisioner fra Pseudo-Senecas Octavia. Derudover drager artiklen også paraleller til samtidig historiografi i form af Louis Le Roys De la Vicissitude ou la variété des choses en l'Univers (udgivet 1575).This dissertation studies the rediscovery of Greek and Roman styled tragedy in 16th and 17th century France and its notable interest for two historical female figures from Roman history, the Egyptian queen Cleopatra VII (69-30 BC) and the Carthaginian noblewomen and Numidian queen Sophonisba (dead 203 BC). From being subordinary characters in the accounts of Roman and Greek historians such as Livy, Appian of Alexandria, Cassius Dio and Plutarch, Cleopatra and Sophonisba became the two most popular tragic heroines. Their popularity continued well into the 17th century until new dramatic expectations questioned their presence on stage.The dissertation analyzes the significance of these two female figures a prismatic cases for dramatic reflections on history. It aims to contribute to the often noticed but unexplored question in modern scholarship of an interest in female victims in French early modern drama. The underlying argument is that the popularity of Cleopatra and Sophonisba is due to the period’s concept of tragedy as a genre not only on history but about history. By this distinction is meant how this period’s drama not only takes history, in the present case Roman history, as a source of inspiration but presents Cleopatra and Sophonisba as embodied historical reflection on historicity and historiography.Part 1 puts forth the dissertation's aim, theoretical approach, mixed methods, main results, and perspectives. Part 2 consists of five articles which together offer a fresh look at what is often labeled humanist tragedy by combining distant reading, computational assisted social network analysis, comparative and literary text analysis. Thus, article 1 “Introduction: Rediscovering Sophonisba in Early Modern Literature” (Nordic Journal of Renaissance Studies, vol. 20, 2023) offers a discussion of the Sophonisba figure in French, Italian, Dutch, Spanish, Cretan, German and English drama and poetry from c.1400-1700. It uses the insights gained from other specialized articles to outline three main reasons for Sophonisba’s transnational importance in the early modern period. Article 2 “The tragedy of being a historical creature” (Orbis Litterarum, vol. 78, no. 1, 2023) analyzes one of the neglected French Sophonisba plays, La Sophonisba (unknown performance, published 1601) by humanist and soldier Nicolas de Montreux. By engaging Walter Benjamin’s notion of the chaste martyr and her affinities with history in the German mourning play as well as Montreux’ deviations from his dramatic predecessors, the article analyzes how the Sophonisba story is used to discuss different notions of history as either unpredictable or divinely ordained.Article 3 “What is a protagonist?” (Orbis Litterarum, vol. 78, no. 5, 2023) studies the importance of Cleopatra and Sophonisba in 13 French tragedies from the sixteenth and seventeenth century by using computationally assisted social network analysis. By defining importance quantitatively based on four centrality measurements, the article qualifies recent scholarship's highlighting of this period’s interest in female figures and questions traditional scholarly notions of protagonism.Articles 4 “Tragisk hjältinna eller skurkaktig rollfigur? [Tragic heroine or villainous character]” (forthcoming on Appell Förlag, 2024) and 5 “Ghosting the past” (Arrêt sur scène/ Scene Focus, vol. 11, 2022) turn their attention to Cleopatra in a comparative and contextual perspective respectively. Thus, article 4 pinpoints differences in eight French tragedies from the sixteenth and seventeenth century and how these differences are connected to changing dramatic notions of morality and historical fidelity. Article 5 once again turns to Benjamin to analyze how the ghost figure of Mark Antony in the prologue of Étienne Jodelle’s Cléopâtre captive(performed 1553, published posthumously 1574) engages audiences in a reflection on history as caught between divine intent and vicissitude. Besides Benjamin, the article also re-examines Jodelle’s merging of the protatic ghost found in Seneca’s Thyestes and Agamemnon and the ghostly dream vision from Pseudo-Seneca’s Octavia, as well as draws parallels to contemporaneous history writing by Louis Le Roy’s De la Vicissitude ou la variété des choses en l’Univers (published 15725).<br/

Improving Metribuzin Tolerance in Lentil (Lens culinaris)

Weeds are a major limitation to lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) production worldwide with grain yield losses of up to 87% from weed competition. In broad-acre mechanized lentil production systems, weed control relies on herbicide application; however, limited options exist. This study identified, characterised and validated novel tolerance in lentil to the photosystem II (PSII) inhibitor herbicide, metribuzin. Field research involving variable sowing dates, induced shade treatments and metribuzin rate were conducted to understand soil and weather factors responsible for herbicide phytotoxicity in lentil. Analysis of soil and weather factors around the time of herbicide application to the cultivar PBA Flash suggested a combination of factors were involved. Heavy rainfall within 10 days of application, particularly on light textured soils or where soil moisture was low, was most strongly linked to plant damage. A higher level of selective tolerance to metribuzin than that currently present in commercial lentil cultivars is required. Two methods, germplasm screening using a hydroponic sand assay and field screening of a large mutated population of PBA Flash, were used to identify lines with improved tolerance to metribuzin compared to current cultivars. Dose response experiments found germplasm line SP1333 had GR50 (the rate required to reduce dry weight (DW) 50%) values up to four-fold that of PBA Flash. However, GR50 values were greater than 25-fold that of PBA Flash in mutant selections M009 and M043. A field study in Canada with 20 Canadian and Australian genotypes confirmed the improved tolerance level of the mutants. Dose response analysis of five PSII inhibiting herbicides and DNA sequencing of the psbA chloroplast gene was undertaken to quantify the spectrum and mechanism of herbicide tolerance in M009 and M043. Compared to PBA Flash, metribuzin tolerance was increased 33-fold in M043 and 10-fold in M009, but no additional tolerance to other herbicides. Nucleotide sequencing of the psbA gene of both mutants identified a substitution at position 751 compared to PBA Flash. The resulting deduced amino acid sequence indicated an Ala251Thr substitution as responsible for the metribuzin tolerance. The substitution is unique in mutagenised higher plants and is the first report of an induced psbA target site mutation in higher plants. Reciprocal F1, F2 and F3 populations developed from M009 and M043 with PBA Flash identified a maternal inheritance pattern, but with paternal leakage in approximately 20% of F1 phenotypes. Reciprocal BC1F2 and BC1F3 populations were developed to identify any fitness cost associated with the tolerance. Field experiments identified reductions in net assimilation rate, DW and grain yield (GY) in tolerant lines with a fitness cost of 20 to 40%. This finding is comparable with the fitness cost measured in triazine tolerant (TT) canola due to tolerance to the PSII inhibiting triazine herbicides. Agronomic field experiments over two years at contrasting sites in South Australia compared the plant growth and GY of M009 and M043 with PBA Flash and SP1333 to post-emergent metribuzin. Clear differences existed in the responses of M009 and M043 compared with PBA Flash and SP1333 to metribuzin rate across sites. This finding confirmed that the mutant genotypes have an agronomically useful level of tolerance to metribuzin in southern Australia. However, DW was generally reduced linearly with metribuzin rate in both M043 and M009 suggesting a level of herbicide sensitivity at higher rates on some soil types. All three lentil genotypes with improved metribuzin tolerance are in use as parents in Australian breeding programs. The higher level of tolerance and superior agronomic performance of M043 makes it the genotype of choice. Knowledge of the genetic controls of inheritance and associated fitness cost of the target site provided by this study will aid plant breeders in rapid and effective incorporation of the tolerance into agronomically accepted plant types. The potential of developing a metribuzin tolerant lentil industry in Australia, similar to that which has occurred in TT canola, now exists.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, 201

Fostering patient and family partnerships in critical care: Adopting an online interface

To accommodate patients and families entering the ICU, St. Paul\u27s Hospital has taken the initiative to shift the paradigm of knowledge transmission from print to online multimedia. Incorporation of this online interface has the potential to strengthen partnerships between consumers and healthcare providers while facilitating patient and family centered care

Conditions for the occurrence of acicular ferrite transformation in HSLA steels

For the class of steels collectively known as high strength low alloy (HSLA), an acicular ferrite (AF) microstructure produces an excellent combination of strength and toughness. The conditions for the occurrence of the AF transformation are, however, still unclear, especially the effects of austenite deformation and continuous cooling. In this research, a commercial HSLA steel was used and subjected to deformation via plane strain compression with strains ranging from 0 to 0.5 and continuous cooling at rates between 5 and 50 °C s −1 . Based on the results obtained from optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscattering diffraction mapping, the introduction of intragranular nucleation sites and the suppression of bainitic ferrite (BF) laths lengthening were identified as the two key requirements for the occurrence of AF transformation. Austenite deformation is critical to meet these two conditions as it introduces a high density of dislocations that act as intragranular nucleation sites and deformation substructures, which suppress the lengthening of BF laths through the mechanism of mechanical stabilisation of austenite. However, the suppression effect of austenite deformation is only observed under relatively slow cooling rates or high transformation temperatures, i.e., conditions where the driving force for advancing the transformation interface is not sufficient to overcome the austenite deformation substructures