Опыт применения высокочастотной вентиляции легких во время кардиохирургических операций с искусственным кровообращением

The incidence of various postoperative complications including pulmonary ones is at a high level in a cardiac surgery.The objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of high-frequency lung ventilation during cardiopulmonary bypass as a preventive measure for postoperative pulmonary complications compared to low-volume lung ventilation.Subjects and Methods. 60 patients undergoing cradiac surgery were included in the study. In HF Group (HF ventilation with airway pressure control at the frequency of 300/min, the ratio of duration of inhalation and exhalation is 1:2, mean airway pressure is 8 mbar) and VC Group (lung ventilation during CPB with parameters: tidal volume is 3 ml/kg, respiratory rate is 6/min, and positive end-expiratory pressure is +5 cm H2O).Results. No significant difference in the analysis of the oxygenation index were observed between groups. Frequency of pulmonary atelectasis on chest radiology in postoperative period made 3 (9%) in VC Group and 4 (12%) HF Group (p = 0.71). The frequency of intraoperative recruiting lung maneuvers was 5 (16%) in VС Group and 6 in HF Group (18%) (p = 0,75). The duration of postoperative ventilation did not differ between the groups.Conclusion. HF mechanical ventilation during CPB has no significant advantage over low-volume mechanical ventilation. HF mechanical ventilation and low-volume mechanical ventilation has the same protective effect on the oxygenating function of the lungs after CPB.В кардиохирургии частота развития различных послеоперационных осложнений, в том числе и легочных, остается на достаточно высоком уровне.Цель: оценка эффективности применения высокочастотной искусственной вентиляции легких (ВЧ ИВЛ) во время искусственного кровообращения (ИК) как меры профилактики послеоперационных легочных осложнений в сравнении с малообъемной вентиляцией.Материалы и методы. В исследование включено 60 кардиохирургических пациентов. Группа HF (ВЧ ИВЛ с контролем давления в дыхательных путях с частотой 300/мин, соотношением длительности вдоха и выдоха 1:2, средним давлением в дыхательных путях 8 мбар) и группа VC (вентиляция легких во время ИК с параметрами: дыхательный объем 3 мл/кг, частота дыхания 6/мин, положительное давление конца выдоха +5 см Н2О).Результаты. Статистически значимой разницы между группами в отношении индекса оксигенации на всех этапах ведения пациентов не выявлено. Общее количество пациентов с выявленными ателектазами в послеоперационном периоде в группе VC составило 3 (9%), а в группе HF ‒ 4 (12%) (p = 0,71). Частота применения рекрутмент-маневров после окончания ИК в группе VС – 5 (16%), HF – 6 (18%) (p = 0,75). Продолжительность послеоперационной ИВЛ не различалась между группами исследования.Вывод. Проведение ВЧ ИВЛ в период ИК не имеет существенного преимущества перед малообъемной ИВЛ. Применение обоих режимов вентиляции сопровождается одинаковыми эффектами в отношении послеоперационной оксигенирующей функции легких

Novel mixed-metal cubane-type {Mo<inf>3</inf>NiS<inf>4</inf>} and {Mo<inf>3</inf>PdS<inf>4</inf>} clusters coordinated with 2,2′-bipyridine type ligands

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd New cuboidal cluster complexes of general formula [Mo3S4(M′X)Cl3L3]0/+(M′ = Ni0, Pd0; L = dnbpy – 4,4′-dinonyl-2,2′-bipyridine or dbbpy – 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine; X = tu, Cl) were synthesized by reactions of trinuclear precursors [Mo3S4Cl3L3]+with Ni(COD)2(COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) or Pd2(dba)3·CHCl3(dba = dibenzylideneacetone) in the presence of thiourea (tu) in good yields. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR,1H NMR and ESI-MS techniques. Crystal structures of [Mo3S4(Nitu)Cl3(dbbpy)3]Cl·tu (1a), [Mo3S4(Nitu)Cl3(dbbpy)3]Cl (1b) and [Mo3S4(Pdtu)Cl3(dbbpy)3]Cl (2) were determined by X-ray analysis. The DFT calculations of the electronic structure of [Mo3S4(Pd′X)Cl3(bpy)3]0/+(X = Cl or tu) were carried out

Novel mixed-metal cubane-type {Mo<inf>3</inf>NiS<inf>4</inf>} and {Mo<inf>3</inf>PdS<inf>4</inf>} clusters coordinated with 2,2′-bipyridine type ligands

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd New cuboidal cluster complexes of general formula [Mo3S4(M′X)Cl3L3]0/+(M′ = Ni0, Pd0; L = dnbpy – 4,4′-dinonyl-2,2′-bipyridine or dbbpy – 4,4′-di-tert-butyl-2,2′-bipyridine; X = tu, Cl) were synthesized by reactions of trinuclear precursors [Mo3S4Cl3L3]+with Ni(COD)2(COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) or Pd2(dba)3·CHCl3(dba = dibenzylideneacetone) in the presence of thiourea (tu) in good yields. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR,1H NMR and ESI-MS techniques. Crystal structures of [Mo3S4(Nitu)Cl3(dbbpy)3]Cl·tu (1a), [Mo3S4(Nitu)Cl3(dbbpy)3]Cl (1b) and [Mo3S4(Pdtu)Cl3(dbbpy)3]Cl (2) were determined by X-ray analysis. The DFT calculations of the electronic structure of [Mo3S4(Pd′X)Cl3(bpy)3]0/+(X = Cl or tu) were carried out

RESEARCH OF THE POSSIBILITY OF USING VEGETABLE FILLERS IN THE PRODUCTION OF GRANULATED COTTAGE CHEESE

The article shows the feasibility of using vegetable fillers in the production of granulated cottage cheese. The theoretical and experimental substantiation has been given. The possibility of using vegetable fillers in the production of granulated cottage cheese has been investigated. The objects of the study are: grained cottage cheese; «Half-sour dill pickles» vegetable filler; sample tests of cottage cheese with vegetable filler «Half-sour dill cucumbers»; control sample without the filler. Production of the studied samples was carried out in accordance with the TI TC following the generally accepted technology for the production of grained cottage cheese. Organoleptic and physical and chemical evaluation of experimental samples has been carried out in accordance with the established requirements of the standards.As part of the research, technological compatibility of the «Half-sour dill pickles» vegetable filler and cottage cheese has been studied, the effect of vegetable fillers on the organoleptic and physical and chemical characteristics of the finished product has been shown.The optimal ratio of the main ingredients in the formulation has been experimentally revealed. The optimal formulation has been calculated and the technology for the production of a new product developed. The results of the study indicate that the developed product meets the requirements of regulatory and technical documentation and can be recommended as dietary and sport nutrition due to its physical and chemical, organoleptic and  microbiological indicators

A novel Nb<inf>2</inf>S<inf>4</inf> complex with a dithiophosphinate ligand: Synthesis, structure and redox properties

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd A new diisobutyldithiophosphinate complex, [Nb2S4(S2PiBu2)4] (1), was obtained by a ligand substitution reaction using (Bu4N)4[Nb2S4(NCS)8] and NaS2PiBu2·3H2O. Its crystal structure has been determined. The Nb–Nb distance is 2.9034(7) Å. The cyclic voltammogram (CV) of 1 in dichloromethane exhibits two successive chemically reversible one-electron oxidation waves at +0.55 and +1.10 V (versus Ag/AgCl) attributed to the NbIV/NbV couple. This is the first {Nb2S4} cluster that shows two reversible oxidations. The paramagnetic mixed-valence Nb(IV/V) product of the one-electron oxidation, [Nb2S4(S2PiBu2)4]+ (1+), was generated in situ. The EPR spectrum of 1+ in acetonitrile reveals a 19-line signal arising from the hyperfine interaction between the unpaired electron and two equivalent 93Nb nuclei with I = 9/2, indicating complete delocalization of the unpaired electron over both metal centers. DFT calculations have been performed for the complexes [Nb2S4(S2PMe2)4], [Nb2S4(S2P(OMe)2)4], [Nb2S4(S2CNMe2)4] and [Nb2S4(S2COMe)4] and their single and double oxidized species in order to explain the peculiarities of their redox behavior. The results show that the HOMOs responsible for oxidation have a predominantly metallic character in all cases, but they are significantly more high-lying for the dithiophosphinate and dithiocarbamate complexes, which explains their ability to be oxidized

A novel Nb<inf>2</inf>S<inf>4</inf> complex with a dithiophosphinate ligand: Synthesis, structure and redox properties

© 2018 Elsevier Ltd A new diisobutyldithiophosphinate complex, [Nb2S4(S2PiBu2)4] (1), was obtained by a ligand substitution reaction using (Bu4N)4[Nb2S4(NCS)8] and NaS2PiBu2·3H2O. Its crystal structure has been determined. The Nb–Nb distance is 2.9034(7) Å. The cyclic voltammogram (CV) of 1 in dichloromethane exhibits two successive chemically reversible one-electron oxidation waves at +0.55 and +1.10 V (versus Ag/AgCl) attributed to the NbIV/NbV couple. This is the first {Nb2S4} cluster that shows two reversible oxidations. The paramagnetic mixed-valence Nb(IV/V) product of the one-electron oxidation, [Nb2S4(S2PiBu2)4]+ (1+), was generated in situ. The EPR spectrum of 1+ in acetonitrile reveals a 19-line signal arising from the hyperfine interaction between the unpaired electron and two equivalent 93Nb nuclei with I = 9/2, indicating complete delocalization of the unpaired electron over both metal centers. DFT calculations have been performed for the complexes [Nb2S4(S2PMe2)4], [Nb2S4(S2P(OMe)2)4], [Nb2S4(S2CNMe2)4] and [Nb2S4(S2COMe)4] and their single and double oxidized species in order to explain the peculiarities of their redox behavior. The results show that the HOMOs responsible for oxidation have a predominantly metallic character in all cases, but they are significantly more high-lying for the dithiophosphinate and dithiocarbamate complexes, which explains their ability to be oxidized