Melancolía y automutilación genital en varón de 77 años

We describe a case of a patient who is admitted in our Psychiatric ward because of suicide attempt by genital self-mutilation in context of underlying melancholic symtoms. This act is infrequent, so there are hardly any similar cases described in the literature.Describimos un caso de un paciente que ingre-sa en planta de Psiquiatría por intento autolítico me-diante automutilación genial en contexto de cuadro melancólico subyacente. Este acto es poco frecuente, por lo que apenas hay casos similares descritos en la bibliografí

Funcionamiento familiar y su relación con la satisfacción con la vida familiar en adolescentes con autismo

Families in which a member meets criteria for the diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) may present some vulnerability to construct dysfunctional family structures, becoming a risk factor that hinders the emotional development of their members. The present study aims to study the relationship between the type of family structure and the satisfaction with family life of 30 adolescents aged between 12 and 18 years. For this, the Family Functioning Scale FACES- 20 Spanish version has been used and the Satisfaction Scale with family life (ESVF). The results obtained in this sample, the type of family structure does not have a statistically significant relations hip with the satisfaction of family life. However, related and agglutinated families are those that relate positively, suggesting that, the greater family cohesion, the greater satisfaction with the family life of adolescents with ASD.Las familias en las que algún miembro cumple criterios para el diagnóstico de Trastorno del Espectro Autista (TEA, en adelante) pueden presentar cierta vulnerabilidad a construir estructuras familiares disfuncionales, constituyéndose en un factor de riesgo que dificulta el desarrollo emocional de sus miembros. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo el estudio de la relación entre el tipo de estructura familiar y la satisfacción con la vida familiar de 30 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 12 y los 18 años. Para ello, se han utilizado la Escala de Funcionamiento familiar FACES- 20 versión española y la Escala de Satisfacción con la vida de familia (ESVF). Los resultados obtenidos en esta muestra, el tipo de estructura familiar no tiene una relación estadísticamente significativa con la satisfacción de la vida familiar. No obstante, las familias relacionadas y aglutinadas son las que se relacionan de forma positiva, sugiriendo que, a mayor cohesión familiar, mayor satisfacción con la vida de familia de los adolescentes con TEA

El perfeccionismo en adolescentes con trastornos de la conducta alimentaria

Perfectionism has been considered a significant risk factor for psychopathology and a typical personality characteristic in people suffering from eating disorders (ED). This study aims to know the relationship between perfectionism and depressive symptomatology, self-esteem and body dissatisfaction in adolescents diagnosed with ED. The sample was composed by 100 adolescents (M age = 14.91, SD = 1.094) diagnosed with ED who went outpatiently to a specific child-juvenile ED unit of the National Health System. All patients completed the perfectionism scale of the Inventory of Eating Disorders (EDI-3), the Spanish Child Depression Questionnaire (CEDI-II), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), and the Body Form Questionnaire (BSQ-34). Results indicate that the perfectionism scale of EDI-3 correlates significantly positively with CEDI-II (r =, 336, p =, 001) and BSQ-34 (r =, 199, p =, 45), and in a negative way with the RSES (r = -, 337, p =, 001). Adolescents diagnosed with ED who score higher on perfectionism show greater depressive symptoms and body dissatisfaction, and lower self-esteem. We believe that emphasizing the treatment of perfectionism could result in a psychopathological improvement of these patients.El perfeccionismo ha sido considerado un factor de riesgo significativo para la psicopatología y una característica de personalidad típica en las personas que sufren trastornos de la conducta alimentaria (TCA). Este estudio pretende conocer la relación entre el perfeccionismo y la sintomatología depresiva, autoestima e insatisfacción corporal en adolescentes diagnosticados de TCA. La muestra se compuso de 100 adolescentes (M edad = 14,91, DT = 1,094) diagnosticados de TCA que acudían ambulatoriamente a una unidad específica de TCA infanto-juvenil del Sistema Nacional de Salud. Todos los pacientes cumplimentaron la escala perfeccionismo del Inventario de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (EDI-3), el Cuestionario Español de Depresión Infantil (CEDI-II), la Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg (RSES), y el Cuestionario sobre la Forma Corporal (BSQ-34). Los resultados indican que la escala perfeccionismo del EDI-3 correlaciona significativamente de forma positiva con el CEDI-II (r = ,336, p = ,001) y BSQ-34 (r = ,199, p = ,45), y de forma negativa con el RSES (r = -,337, p = ,001). Los adolescentes diagnosticados de TCA que puntúan más alto en perfeccionismo presentan mayor sintomatología depresiva e insatisfacción corporal, y menor autoestima. Consideramos que un abordaje específico sobre el perfeccionismo podría redundar en una mejoría psicopatológica de estos pacientes

Miedo a la madurez en adolescentes con anorexia nerviosa

Childhood and is considered one of the psychological constructs that has been clinically relevant for people with anorexia nervosa (AN). The study aims to determine the proportion of patients with AN in our study sample that presents fear of maturity, and examine whether there are differences between patients with restrictive AN (AN-R) and purgative AN (AN-P) in terms of fear of maturity. The sample consists of 115 adolescents diagnosed with AN. The patients completed the Inventory of Eating Disorders (EDI-3) that includes the psychological variable fear of maturity. The results indicate that 86.1% of the sample presents a typical or high clinical range in the fear of maturity subscale and there are no significant differences between the diagnoses of AN-R and AN-P (t=.160; p=.873). This study highlights the importance of focusing in daily clinical practice on the fear of maturity of these patients, both at a preventive level and in the treatment of AN.El miedo a la madurez supone el deseo de regresar a la seguridad de la infancia y se considera uno de los constructos psicológicos que se ha mostrado clínicamente relevante en personas con anorexia nerviosa (AN). El estudio pretende determinar la proporción de pacientes con AN en nuestra muestra de estudio que presenta miedo a la madurez, y examinar si existen diferencias entre pacientes con AN restrictiva (AN-R) y AN purgativa (AN-P) en cuanto al miedo a la madurez. La muestra se compone de 115 adolescentes diagnosticados de AN. Los pacientes cumplimentaron el Inventario de Trastornos de la Conducta Alimentaria (EDI-3) que incluye la variable psicológica miedo a la madurez. Los resultados indican que el 86.1% de la muestra presenta un rango clínico típico o elevado en la subescala miedo a la madurez y que no existen diferencias significativas entre los diagnósticos de AN-R y AN-P respecto al rasgo estudiado (t=.160; p=.873). Este estudio pone de relieve la importancia de situar el foco en la práctica clínica cotidiana en el miedo a la madurez que presentan estos pacientes, tanto a nivel preventivo como en el tratamiento de la AN

Diseño y análisis estadístico de un instrumento dirigido a evaluar el Trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad en población infanto-juvenil

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) appears in the early years of childhood and is characterized by the presence of three symptoms: attention deficit, impulsivity and hyperactivity, although these last two symptoms are deeply intertwined (APA, 2013). The DSM-V establishes the specification of three subtypes according to the predominant presentation in the last six months: lack of attention, hyperactivity-impulsivity or combined. The objective of this study is to construct and validate a questionnaire to assess ADHD, exploring the factors that make it up. The designed questionnaire has 27 items divided into three factors according to the type of ADHD. An analysis of the social desirability and the technical quality of the items as well as an exploratory analysis of the dimensions of the questionnaire has been conducted. The results are shown to be in tune with the initial hypothesis of the existence of three factors (motor activity, attention activity and impulsivity), but with changes in the hypothesized order and a discussion of the same factors. Studies on ADHD reveal the importance of using a rigorous assessment instrument according to the subject's age and determining the context of evaluationEl trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) aparece en los primeros años de la infancia y se caracteriza por la presencia de tres síntomas: déficit de atención, impulsividad e hiperactividad, si bien estos dos últimos síntomas están profundamente entrelazados (APA, 2013). El DSM-V establece la especificación de tres subtipos según la presentación predominante en los últimos seis meses: falta de atención, hiperactividad-impulsividad o combinado. El objetivo de este estudio es el de construir y validar un cuestionario para evaluar el TDAH, explorando los factores que lo componen. El cuestionario diseñado cuenta con 27 ítems divididos en tres factores de acuerdo a la tipología del TDAH. Se han llevado a cabo análisis sobre deseabilidad social y calidad técnica de los ítems, así como análisis exploratorios de las dimensiones del cuestionario. Los resultados se muestran en sintonía con la hipótesis inicial de la existencia de tres factores (actividad motora, actividad atencional e impulsividad), pero con cambios en el orden hipotetizado y una discusión de los mismos factores. Los estudios sobre el TDAH revelan la importancia de utilizar un instrumento riguroso de evaluación acorde a la edad del sujeto y de determinar el contexto de evaluación

Attachment, body appreciation, and body image quality of life in adolescents with eating disorders

The aim of the current study was to determine the link between parental attachment style and body appreciation in adolescents with and without eating disorders, and to explore the association between attachment, positive aspects of body image and body image quality of life. The sample comprised 260 adolescents (M age = 15.35, SD age = 1.461): 129 non-clinical participants and 131 adolescents with eating disorders who received treatment in five Eating Disorders Units located in different regions in Spain. They were assessed via the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA), Body Appreciation Scale (BAS), and Body Image Quality of Life Inventory (BIQLI). There was a significant relation between secure attachment and body appreciation in both groups, and body appreciation was positively related to body image quality of life. Patients with eating disorders had higher body image quality of life when they perceived better communication and trust with their father, which was mediated by the body appreciation they showed. Adolescents without eating disorders showed this same relationship form with their mother. This study aims to highlight the influence of parental attachment on a positive body image in adolescence

Attachment to parents and friends and body dissatisfaction in adolescents with eating disorders

The study of attachment is a valuable theoretical framework to understand the influence of parents and friends on the evolution and development of adolescents. This study aimed to determine parents’ and peers’ attachment style, the relationship between parents’ and peers’ attachment and body dissatisfaction in adolescents with eating disorders (ED), and to compare it with a control group. The sample consisted of 260 adolescents ( Mage = 15.35, SDage = 1.461): a control group consisting of 129 non-clinical subjects and an ED group composed by 131 adolescents diagnosed with ED who attended five ED units located in different regions of Spain. They completed the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-34) and the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA). Adolescents with ED have less trust with their parents, worse communication with their parents and peers, and greater alienation with fathers and peers. The results showed a statistically significant relationship between parents’ attachment and body dissatisfaction in both groups. In ED group, peers’ alienation was positively correlated to body dissatisfaction. Parental attachment and alienation feelings with peers could influence body dissatisfaction in ED adolescents