Mechanisms of urinary tract infection

Most urinary tract infections begin as a cystitis secondary to decreased host resistance brought on by disruption of tissue integrity or a decrease in blood supply to the bladder. In the female, infrequent voiding and the uninhibited bladder are the most common causes of urinary tract infection and are best treated by healthy voiding regimens; while in the male, structural and functional obstructive uropathy are most often associated with urinary tract infection and are alleviated by lowering the high intravesical pressures via surgical or medical measures. The concept that host resistance is the determinant of infection rather than the organism has permitted the use of clean, intermittent self-catheterization; clean intermittent self-dilatation; and transurethral diverticulectomy in the therapy of a host of urologic disease syndromes.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/23699/1/0000670.pd

Action of oral and parenteral bethanechol on decompensated bladder

A double blind balanced Latin-square study was conducted on 20 adult patients with decompensated bladders to determine the relative effectiveness of oral and parenteral bethanechol chloride (Urecholine) on the stretch response of bladder muscle. Detrusor reaction was measured by modified cystometry. Five mg. of subcutaneous bethanechol chloride produced a significant increase in intravesical pressure which was more rapid in onset, of larger magnitude, and of shorter duration than oral doses of 100 and 200 mg.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22876/1/0000439.pd

Attitudes Toward Informational Health Videos among People with Intellectual Disabilities

An intellectual disability (ID) can be defined as a limit to a person\u27s ability to learn and function in daily life when compared to an expected level. Due to these differences, a person with ID can face more challenges in daily life, including those that impact their health. Special Olympics Vermont (SOVT) is an organization that hosts athletic events and competitions for people with an ID. We worked with them to formulate a plan for providing educational resources for people with an ID. We created educational videos with corresponding one-page pamphlets containing material and imagery that was relatable to the athletes with ID, to inspire positive changes in their health habits. We hypothesized that if content and material relatable to SOVT athletes were incorporated into health education videos, then athletes would learn more about healthy habits that they could apply to their lives. We created surveys that evaluated the reception of the educational videos, whether athletes learned from the videos, and if they planned on incorporating what they learned into their lives.https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/comphp_gallery/1316/thumbnail.jp

Observations on interstitial cystitis

Interstitial cystitis is more common in young women than previously believed. Findings typical of the disease are a history of diurnal and nocturnal pollakiuria, pelvic discomfort increased with bladder distention, marked bladder tenderness on gentle palpation of the anterior lateral vaginal fornices, less than normal bladder capacity, and a negative urinalysis except for many epithelial cells.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/22071/1/0000491.pd