147 research outputs found
Renal Artery Stenting in Consecutive High-Risk Patients With Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease:A Prospective 2-Center Cohort Study
BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to prospectively evaluate the effects of renal artery stenting in consecutive patients with severe atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis and highârisk clinical presentations as defined in a national protocol developed in 2015. METHODS AND RESULTS: Since the protocol was initiated, 102 patients have been referred for revascularization according to the following highârisk criteria: severe renal artery stenosis (âĽ70%) with true resistant hypertension, rapidly declining kidney function, or recurrent heart failure/sudden pulmonary edema. At baseline, the mean 24âhour ambulatory systolic blood pressure was 166.2 mm Hg (95% CI, 162.0â170.4), the defined daily dose of antihypertensive medication was 6.5 (95% CI, 5.8â7.3), and the estimated glomerular filtration rate was 41.1 mL/min per 1.73m(2) (95% CI, 36.6â45.6). In 96 patients with available 3âmonth followâup data, mean 24âhour ambulatory systolic blood pressure decreased by 19.6 mm Hg (95% CI, 15.4â23.8; P<0.001), the defined daily dose of antihypertensive medication was reduced by 52% (95% CI, 41%â62%; P<0.001), and estimated glomerular filtration rate increased by 7.8 mL/min per 1.73m(2) (95% CI, 4.5â11.1; P<0.001). All changes persisted after 24 month followâup. Among 17 patients with a history of hospitalization for acute decompensated heart failure, 14 patients had no new episodes after successful revascularization. CONCLUSIONS: In this prospective cohort study, we observed a reduction in blood pressure and antihypertensive medication, an increase in estimated glomerular filtration rate, and a decrease in new hospital admissions attributable to heart failure/sudden pulmonary edema after renal artery stenting. REGISTRATION: URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT02770066
Psicoses de involução. Estudo clĂnico de 50 casos, com vistas ao prognĂłstico e terapĂŞutica
Comparative analysis of amplicon and metagenomic sequencing methods reveals key features in the evolution of animal metaorganisms
Background
The interplay between hosts and their associated microbiome is now recognized as a fundamental basis of the ecology, evolution, and development of both players. These interdependencies inspired a new view of multicellular organisms as âmetaorganisms.â The goal of the Collaborative Research Center âOrigin and Function of Metaorganismsâ is to understand why and how microbial communities form long-term associations with hosts from diverse taxonomic groups, ranging from sponges to humans in addition to plants.
Methods
In order to optimize the choice of analysis procedures, which may differ according to the host organism and question at hand, we systematically compared the two main technical approaches for profiling microbial communities, 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic shotgun sequencing across our panel of ten host taxa. This includes two commonly used 16S rRNA gene regions and two amplification procedures, thus totaling five different microbial profiles per host sample.
Conclusion
While 16S rRNA gene-based analyses are subject to much skepticism, we demonstrate that many aspects of bacterial community characterization are consistent across methods. The resulting insight facilitates the selection of appropriate methods across a wide range of host taxa. Overall, we recommend single- over multi-step amplification procedures, and although exceptions and trade-offs exist, the V3âV4 over the V1âV2 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Finally, by contrasting taxonomic and functional profiles and performing phylogenetic analysis, we provide important and novel insight into broad evolutionary patterns among metaorganisms, whereby the transition of animals from an aquatic to a terrestrial habitat marks a major event in the evolution of host-associated microbial composition
A Reliability-Generalization Study of Journal Peer Reviews: A Multilevel Meta-Analysis of Inter-Rater Reliability and Its Determinants
Background: This paper presents the first meta-analysis for the inter-rater reliability (IRR) of journal peer reviews. IRR is defined as the extent to which two or more independent reviews of the same scientific document agree. Methodology/Principal Findings: Altogether, 70 reliability coefficients (Cohenâs Kappa, intra-class correlation [ICC], and Pearson product-moment correlation [r]) from 48 studies were taken into account in the meta-analysis. The studies were based on a total of 19,443 manuscripts; on average, each study had a sample size of 311 manuscripts (minimum: 28, maximum: 1983). The results of the meta-analysis confirmed the findings of the narrative literature reviews published to date: The level of IRR (mean ICC/r 2 =.34, mean Cohenâs Kappa =.17) was low. To explain the study-to-study variation of the IRR coefficients, meta-regression analyses were calculated using seven covariates. Two covariates that emerged in the metaregression analyses as statistically significant to gain an approximate homogeneity of the intra-class correlations indicated that, firstly, the more manuscripts that a study is based on, the smaller the reported IRR coefficients are. Secondly, if the information of the rating system for reviewers was reported in a study, then this was associated with a smaller IRR coefficient than if the information was not conveyed. Conclusions/Significance: Studies that report a high level of IRR are to be considered less credible than those with a low level o
Secondary attachments and adolescent self concept
This study examined the popular notion that crushes or secondary attachments to celebrity figures are an important aspect of self-concept development during adolescence. In a repeated measures design, 79 male and female 5th, 8th, and 11th graders and college sophomores completed a set of personality scales, first describing themselves and later, describing the favorite celebrity. Repeated measures multivariate analyses of variance (MANOVA) analysis of self-object congruence revealed no significant main or interaction effects for the type of attachment, gender, or age of subject. Significant within subject effects were obtained for the repeated measures factor (self-object congruence). Overall, students perceived their attachment objects to be more agentic, yet less expressive and emotionally vulnerable than themselves. MANOVA analyses indicated that males and older students perceived their attachment objects to be higher in agency than expressivity, whereas females and younger students perceived their attachment objects to be higher in expressivity than agency. These data indicate that the function served by secondary attachments in the development of self-concept may be quite similar for adolescent males and females.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/45592/1/11199_2004_Article_BF00288191.pd
Change and Persistence of Gender Disparities in Academic Careers of Mathematicians and Physicists in Germany
This article discusses whether or not gender-related disparities exist within the academic fields of mathematics and physics regarding the application of career knowledge and the experiences of disadvantage in relation to recognition of performance, assessment of professional competencies, and integration into networks. To answer this question, primary data was collected with a structured online survey addressing graduates in both academic fields (n=5,174). The article considers a subsample of respondents working at a university or university of applied sciences (n=1,613). Apart from the gender perspective, other factors potentially influencing the academic careers of mathematicians and physicists, such as being in a certain subject, age cohort or having children, are also considered. Some of the key findings are: a) more gender differences occur in mathematics than in physics; b) the experiences of disadvantage in the workplace constitute a cross-disciplinary phenomenon caused by the gender differentiating academic culture; and c) more female than male academics in both disciplines accept constraints or abandon career goals due to child care
Genderkompetenz als Bestandteil der Lehramtsausbildung im Fach Mathematik â zu innovativ fĂźr deutsche Hochschulen?
Der Beitrag weist auf die Vernachlässigung von Befunden der schul- und hochschulbezogenen Geschlechterforschung bei der jĂźngsten Reform der Lehramtsausbildung hin und verdeutlicht am Beispiel der Mathematik die Bedeutung genderkompetenter Lehrkräfte fĂźr die Ăberwindung geschlechterbezogener Wissens- und Interessensreviere sowie fachlicher Selbstkonzepte von SchĂźlerinnen und SchĂźlern. Er schildert die inhaltliche und die didaktisch-methodische Konzeption eines eigens entwickelten, in der Hochschullehre erprobten und evaluierten Seminars zur Vermittlung von Genderkompetenz fĂźr die Lehramtsausbildung im Fach Mathematik. Neben ersten Erfahrungen mit dem Seminar werden auch Implementierungsproblematiken einer solchen Lehrveranstaltung diskutiert
Genderkompetenz als Bestandteil der Lehramtsausbildung im Fach Mathematik â zu innovativ fĂźr deutsche Hochschulen?
Der Beitrag weist auf die Vernachlässigung von Befunden der schul- und hochschulbezogenen Geschlechterforschung bei der jĂźngsten Reform der Lehramtsausbildung hin und verdeutlicht am Beispiel der Mathematik die Bedeutung genderkompetenter Lehrkräfte fĂźr die Ăberwindung geschlechterbezogener Wissens- und Interessensreviere sowie fachlicher Selbstkonzepte von SchĂźlerinnen und SchĂźlern. Er schildert die inhaltliche und die didaktisch-methodische Konzeption eines eigens entwickelten, in der Hochschullehre erprobten und evaluierten Seminars zur Vermittlung von Genderkompetenz fĂźr die Lehramtsausbildung im Fach Mathematik. Neben ersten Erfahrungen mit dem Seminar werden auch Implementierungsproblematiken einer solchen Lehrveranstaltung diskutiert
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