Preshistoric Dog Burial from the Intermediate Period at CA-ORA-1055, Laguna Canyon, Orange County, California

The skeleton of an aboriginal dog was exhumed at CA‐ORA‐1055, a lakeside camp site, whose occupants focused on local resource extraction in Laguna Canyon, central Orange County, California. The burial dates to the later Intermediate Period. ORA‐1055 was originally occupied during the Intermediate Period and abandoned during the Late Period when Laguna Canyon was within the southern territory of the Gabrielino (Tongva) peoples. The feature consists of a dog buried in a folded position, with the head located above the hindquarters, and covered by a cairn comprised of parts of a deep‐basin metate. A possible stone ball is the only potential artifact occurring with the burial. The physical attributes of the animal’s skeleton are consistent with the morphotype known as a Small Indian Dog or Tachichi. The feature most likely represents the burial of a pet, but could be associated with the destruction of personal property associated with funerary activity

Identification of the Buena Vista lake site 1 dog burial (Canis familiaris) as a badger (Taxidea taxus).

In the 1930s, excavations at a site on the shore of Buena Vista Lake in the southern San Joaquin Valley recovered the remains of three animals that were described as having been deliberately buried; one was subsequently identified as being a dog (Canis familiaris). A recent examination of the burial has identified the skeleton as a badger (Taxidea taxus) that was probably deposited naturally rather than as a result of human activity

Late Prehistoric Dog Burial Associated with Human Graves in Orange County, California

The aboriginal dog exhumed at CA-Ora-849, a Late Prehistoric camp site in southern Orange County, California, is the only known animal burial from the territory historically occupied by the Juaneno. The specimen was found in association with human burials, a typical occurrence for animal burials in the California culture area. The juvenile canine was placed in its grave in a flexed position, without grave goods. Dog burials in California are interpreted as representing ritualized disposal of deceased pets or the destruction of personal property attendant to the funeral of the animal\u27s owner. Evidence of the dog\u27s diet, a cluster of partly digested rabbit and gopher bones and a deer proximal phalanx, was recovered from the visceral area of the skeleton

Holding Missionaries Accountable: A Proposed Code of Ethics for Missionaries Based Upon the Code of Ethics of the American Anthropological Association

The word “ethics” carries an aura of countervailing views, overlapping claims, uncertain footing, and seductive attractions. Some issues are as clear as the horizontal versus vertical axes in Sawai Chinnawong’s striking painting, Joseph and Potiphar’s Wife, that graces the cover of this book. At the same time—because we are involved, because our interests, our inclinations, our plans and relationships are at stake—the issues that engage missionary practitioners can be frustratingly labyrinthine, curling endlessly back on themselves. Evangelical missionaries and mission agencies are concerned about personal morality—and rightly so. But as the chapters in this volume attest, evangelical mission’s ethical engagement extends far beyond simply avoiding compromising sexual situations and not absconding with the finances. How should we talk about others’ beliefs and practices to ourselves? To them? How should we represent ourselves to others? What role does tolerance for ambiguity play in missionaries’ mental preparation? How should accountability be structured in intercultural partnerships? Are there ways to enable organizational justice to flourish in mission institutions? What might integrity in short-term mission outreach look like? How does care for creation relate to mission? What role can a code of ethics for missionary practice play? Limited and fallible and marred by the fall, we need both guidance and admonition—and deep reflection on the conduct of evangelical mission such as is provided in this volume—so that we may serve Jesus with true integrity

A Preshistoric Dog Burial from the Intermediate Period at CA-ORA-1055, Laguna Canyon, Orange County, California

The skeleton of an aboriginal dog was exhumed at CA‐ORA‐1055, a lakeside camp site, whose occupants focused on local resource extraction in Laguna Canyon, central Orange County, California. The burial dates to the later Intermediate Period. ORA‐1055 was originally occupied during the Intermediate Period and abandoned during the Late Period when Laguna Canyon was within the southern territory of the Gabrielino (Tongva) peoples. The feature consists of a dog buried in a folded position, with the head located above the hindquarters, and covered by a cairn comprised of parts of a deep‐basin metate. A possible stone ball is the only potential artifact occurring with the burial. The physical attributes of the animal’s skeleton are consistent with the morphotype known as a Small Indian Dog or Tachichi. The feature most likely represents the burial of a pet, but could be associated with the destruction of personal property associated with funerary activity

Extinct and Extirpated Birds and Other Vertebrates in the Faunal Assemblage of Hālawa Cave, a Rockshelter in North Hālawa Valley, O’ahu, Hawai’i

Hālawa Cave (50-Oa-B01-020) is a rockshelter located about 4.8 km inland of Pearl Harbor in the North Hālawa Valley, O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. Evidence of Native Hawaiian occupation is found in an approximately 50 cm deep midden, inside of the 6 x 8 m/sq shelter. The site appears to have been intermittently occupied as a base for local resource procurement beginning no later than the fifteenth century and continued to be used into the nineteenth century. Wood cutting was an important activity associated with the site. The vertebrate fauna is represented by a sample of 65 specimens including fish, bird and mammal bones. This assemblage provides evidence of limited vertebrate animal use, resource procurement areas, local paleoenvironment, and butchering. Fish species dominate the assemblage. Two of four avian species are endemic to the Hawaiian Islands and globally extinct, or extirpated from O‘ahu. Remains of the extinct O‘ahu moa-nalo (Thambetochen xanion) and the endangered Hawaiian Petrel (Pterodroma sandwichensis) occur in sediments from the occupation of the site, however only the Hawaiian Petrel is firmly associated with human occupation. Introduced species, including Red Junglefowl (Gallus gallus), dog (Canis lupus familiaris) and pig (Sus scrofa) were significant food sources consumed at the site. The vertebrate assemblage reflects a broad based procurement strategy with each vertebrate class being a significant contributor to the biomass represented in the assemblage

Excavation of the Hālawa Cave Rockshelter, North Hālawa Valley, O’ahu, Hawai’i

Hālawa Cave (site 50-Oa-B01-020) is a rockshelter located in the North Hālawa Valley several kilometers east of Pearl Harbor, on O‘ahu Island. The site consists of a midden approximately 50 cm deep located inside the rockshelter, which measures 6 x 8 m. The assemblage includes gourd cups and fire sticks, and a variety of shell, bone and stone artifacts. Also present are ecofacts (shellfish, bone and plant materials). Features found in the site include a stone wall, two or more hearths, concentrations of ash and charcoal, and food waste. The artifacts and ecofacts provide evidence of occasional Native Hawaiian occupation that began by the fifteenth century and extended into the nineteenth century. Radiocarbon dating and the presence of steel cut marks on bone indicate that the site continued to be visited into the early post-contact period. Hālawa Cave was used for intermittent habitation by individuals apparently engaged in woodcutting and local food procurement. The vertebrate remains include extinct and extirpated specie