Three Neutrino Δm2\Delta m^2 scales and Singular Seesaw Mechanism

It is shown that the singular seesaw mechanism can simultaneously explain all the existing data supporting nonzero neutrino masses and mixing. The three mass-squared differences that are needed to accommodate the atmospheric neutrino data (through $\nu_\mu - \nu_s$ oscillation), the solar neutrino data via MSW mechanism (through $\nu_e - \nu_\tau$ oscillation), and the positive result of $\nu_\mu - \nu_e$ oscillation from LSND can be generated by this mechanism, whereas the vacuum oscillation solution to the solar neutrino problem is disfavored. We find that the electron and tau neutrino masses are of order $10^{-3}$ eV, and the muon neutrino and a sterile neutrino are almost maximally mixed to give a mass of order 1 eV. Two heavy sterile neutrinos have a mass of order 1 keV which can be obtained by the double seesaw mechanism with an intermediate mass scale $\sim 10^5$ GeV. A possible origin of such a scale is discussed.Comment: Revtex, 7 pages with 1 epsfig (uuencoded

Ration optimalization to reduce potential pollutants--preliminary results

The aim of the study was to use the nutrient and energy budgets from a practical farming situation for rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss and Atlantic salmon Salmo salar to show how ration size and feed utilization determined the amount of nutrients in the effluent water. Separate budgets for nitrogen, phosphorus, and energy were determined showing the fractions of the effluent nutrients that came from feed loss, feces, and other excreta. The interrelationships between these fractions were compared between a group of fish whose ration size was well adapted to its biomass and whole feed loss was low and a group of fish fed in excess whose feed loss was high. This comparison indicated the uncertainty in composition of the effluent water in situations where the amount of feed loss is not determined. A Triangle filter was installed for filtering the effluent water. The flow diagrams pinpointed how optimalization of ration level and feed composition contribute to reduce pollution