43 research outputs found
Attitudes toward conflict and aggression
Depto. de Psicobiología y Metodología en Ciencias del ComportamientoFac. de PsicologíaTRUEpu
Statistical mechanics far from equilibrium: prediction and test for a sheared system
We report the complete statistical treatment of a system of particles
interacting via Newtonian forces in continuous boundary-driven flow, far from
equilibrium. By numerically time-stepping the force-balance equations of a
model fluid we measure occupancies and transition rates in simulation. The
high-shear-rate simulation data verify the invariant quantities predicted by
our statistical theory, thus demonstrating that a class of non-equilibrium
steady states of matter, namely sheared complex fluids, is amenable to
statistical treatment from first principles.Comment: 4 pages plus a 3-page pdf supplemen
Growing Up Amid Ethno‐Political Conflict: Aggression and Emotional Desensitization Promote Hostility to Ethnic Outgroups
Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134287/1/cdev12599.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/134287/2/cdev12599_am.pd
Serious violent behavior and antisocial outcomes as consequences of exposure to ethnic‐political conflict and violence among Israeli and Palestinian youth
Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149258/1/ab21818.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/149258/2/ab21818_am.pd
Strong Phase Separation in a Model of Sedimenting Lattices
We study the steady state resulting from instabilities in crystals driven
through a dissipative medium, for instance, a colloidal crystal which is
steadily sedimenting through a viscous fluid. The problem involves two coupled
fields, the density and the tilt; the latter describes the orientation of the
mass tensor with respect to the driving field. We map the problem to a 1-d
lattice model with two coupled species of spins evolving through conserved
dynamics. In the steady state of this model each of the two species shows
macroscopic phase separation. This phase separation is robust and survives at
all temperatures or noise levels--- hence the term Strong Phase Separation.
This sort of phase separation can be understood in terms of barriers to
remixing which grow with system size and result in a logarithmically slow
approach to the steady state. In a particular symmetric limit, it is shown that
the condition of detailed balance holds with a Hamiltonian which has
infinite-ranged interactions, even though the initial model has only local
dynamics. The long-ranged character of the interactions is responsible for
phase separation, and for the fact that it persists at all temperatures.
Possible experimental tests of the phenomenon are discussed.Comment: To appear in Phys Rev E (1 January 2000), 16 pages, RevTex, uses
epsf, three ps figure
Drag forces on inclusions in classical fields with dissipative dynamics
We study the drag force on uniformly moving inclusions which interact
linearly with dynamical free field theories commonly used to study soft
condensed matter systems. Drag forces are shown to be nonlinear functions of
the inclusion velocity and depend strongly on the field dynamics. The general
results obtained can be used to explain drag forces in Ising systems and also
predict the existence of drag forces on proteins in membranes due to couplings
to various physical parameters of the membrane such as composition, phase and
height fluctuations.Comment: 14 pages, 7 figure
Phonons in a one-dimensional microfluidic crystal
The development of a general theoretical framework for describing the
behaviour of a crystal driven far from equilibrium has proved difficult1.
Microfluidic crystals, formed by the introduction of droplets of immiscible
fluid into a liquid-filled channel, provide a convenient means to explore and
develop models to describe non-equilibrium dynamics2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
11. Owing to the fact that these systems operate at low Reynolds number (Re),
in which viscous dissipation of energy dominates inertial effects, vibrations
are expected to be over-damped and contribute little to their dynamics12, 13,
14. Against such expectations, we report the emergence of collective normal
vibrational modes (equivalent to acoustic 'phonons') in a one-dimensional
microfluidic crystal of water-in-oil droplets at Reapprox10-4. These phonons
propagate at an ultra-low sound velocity of approx100 mum s-1 and frequencies
of a few hertz, exhibit unusual dispersion relations markedly different to
those of harmonic crystals, and give rise to a variety of crystal instabilities
that could have implications for the design of commercial microfluidic systems.
First-principles theory shows that these phonons are an outcome of the
symmetry-breaking flow field that induces long-range inter-droplet
interactions, similar in nature to those observed in many other systems
including dusty plasma crystals15, 16, vortices in superconductors17, 18,
active membranes19 and nucleoprotein filaments20.Comment: https://www.weizmann.ac.il/complex/tlusty/papers/NaturePhys2006.pd