Respuestas morfológicas de plantas de agraz (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) bajo crecimiento en tres ambientes diferentes en altitud

El arándano andino (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) es un cultivo frutal promisorio que ha cobrado importancia en el mercado por sus propiedades nutricionales y medicinales; sin embargo, existen pocos estudios sobre las condiciones óptimas de crecimiento y producción. En este estudio se evaluó el crecimiento vegetativo de plantas de arándano andino durante 200 días en tres sitios a diferentes altitudes en el departamento de Cundinamarca (Colombia): municipio de San Francisco (1.885 msnm), Bogotá (Universidad Nacional de Colombia - UNAL, 2.556 msnm) y Cruz Verde páramo (3.298 msnm). Para la evaluación se utilizaron plantas de 2 años propagadas in vitro. El experimento tuvo un diseño de medidas repetidas, con 3 tratamientos (localidades) y 5 tiempos de toma de datos, con mediciones destructivas al inicio y al final del ensayo. Se tomaron datos de superficie foliar por planta, altura de la planta, anchura del tallo, número de ramas primarias, longitud de las ramas y contenido de clorofila en las hojas. Las plantas más altas, con mayor área foliar y más materia seca, se encontraron en la UNAL (2.556 m s.n.m.). Se observaron variaciones morfológicas y fisiológicas en respuesta a cada uno de los ambientes, con correlaciones entre las variables de crecimiento y las variables ambientales. La mayor distribución porcentual de materia seca en hojas se presentó en las plantas del páramo de Cruz Verde (3.298 m s.n.m.), mientras que la distribución porcentual de peso seco en tallo fue mayor en las plantas de San Francisco (1.885 m s.n.m.). La distribución porcentual del peso seco de la raíz fue mayor en las plantas de San Francisco que en las de otras localidades. Los resultados indicaron que las plantas de arándano andino tuvieron las condiciones más adecuadas para el crecimiento vegetativo en altitudes cercanas a los 2.556 m s.n.m.The Andean blueberry (Vaccinium meridionale Swartz) is a promising fruit crop that has gained importance in the market because of its nutritional and medicinal properties; however, there are few studies on the optimal conditions for growth and production. In this study, the vegetative growth of Andean blueberry plants was evaluated for 200 days in three sites at different altitudes in the Department of Cundinamarca (Colombia): municipality of San Francisco (1,885 m a.s.l.), Bogota (Universidad Nacional de Colombia - UNAL, 2,556 m a.s.l.), and Cruz Verde páramo (3,298 m a.s.l.). For the evaluation, 2-year-old plants were used that were propagated in vitro. The experiment had a repeated measures design, with 3 treatments (locations) and 5 data collection times, with destructive measurements at the beginning and at the end of the trial. Data for leaf area per plant, plant height, stem width, number of primary branches, branch length, and chlorophyll contents in leaves were taken. The tallest plants, with the largest leaf area and most dry matter, were found at the UNAL (2,556 m a.s.l.). Morphological and physiological variations were observed in response to each of the environments, with correlations between the growth variables and the environmental variables. The highest percentage distribution of dry matter in leaves was in the plants from the Cruz Verde páramo (3,298 m a.s.l.), while the percentage distribution of dry weight in the stem was higher in the plants from San Francisco (1,885 m a.s.l.). The percentage distribution of root dry weight was greater in the plants from San Francisco than those from other locations. The results indicated that the Andean blueberry plants had the most suitable conditions for vegetative growth at altitudes close to 2,556 m a.s.l

Caracterización de las micorrizas nativas en agraz Vaccinium meridionale Swartz y evaluación de su efecto sobre el crecimiento plantular

Maestrí

Evaluation of uva camarona (Macleania rupestris Kunth A.C. Smith) propagation with air layering

Uva camarona (Macleania rupestris Kunth A.C. Smith) belongs to the Ericaceae family and grows in páramo and subpáramo areas in Colombia, between 2,200 and 3,500 m a.s.l. This plant presents edible berries that serve as a source of food and small income for local communities. The absence of a propagation protocol for this species limits its use. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of asexual propagation of M. rupestris with air layering, using indole-butyric acid (IBA) as a rooting hormone at different concentrations: 0, 500, 1,000, and 2,000 mg L-1. The results showed that an exogenous application of IBA accelerated the rooting process in the layered zone, with a notable emission of first adventitious roots at 60 days from the start of the experiment. The treatments of 500 and 1,000 mg L-1 IBA had the highest number of roots per layer, being two to three times higher than those presented in the control. No significant differences were seen in root length between treatments. The treatments of 500 and 1,000 mg L-1 IBA showed a high production for the dry weights of the roots and callus, with a higher weight of callus compared to root weight. Air layering negatively affected the longitudinal growth of the branches, since their average growth rate was 1.49 cm per month, while the growth of intact branches was 2.78 cm per month. The results suggest that the best concentration for rooting was 1.200 mg L-1 IBA because it had the largest number and dry weight of roots in air-layered M. rupestri