Analysis flowchart.

<p>Black solid arrows indicate groups which are direct subsets of other groups. Dotted arrows indicate which groups were entered into, and exited from, propensity score matching models. Grey double-arrows indicate the groups that were statistically compared in the main analyses.</p

Health outcome differences between those with treated insomnia and matched controls.

<p>ER = Emergency room; MCS = Mental component summary; PCS = Physical component summary.</p><p>Health outcome differences between those with treated insomnia and matched controls.</p

Demographics and health behaviors among respondents in the control group and respondents with insomnia.

<p>Demographics and health behaviors among respondents in the control group and respondents with insomnia.</p

Adjusted health outcome differences between those with and without adverse events among those with insomnia taking a medication in the US.

<p>ER = Emergency room; MCS = Mental component summary; PCS = Physical component summary.</p><p>All models controlled for age, sex, smoking status and CCI.</p><p>Adjusted health outcome differences between those with and without adverse events among those with insomnia taking a medication in the US.</p