A Review on Flavonoid Luteolin: Phytochemistry, Pharmacognosy and Pharmacological activities

Background: Natural products are secondary metabolites produced and used by organisms for defending or adapting purposes. Historically, plants and their components have been widely used since ancient times for the treatment of various ailments.  Objectives: This paper uses recent research findings with a broad range of study models to comprehensively summarize the phytochemistry, pharmacognosy and pharmacological activities of Luteolin (LTL) reported to date.  Methodology: Articles published in scientific journals by authors on LTL were analyzed for the study. Results:  LTL has been known to play a wide range of pharmacological functions such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiviral, hepato and neuroprotective properties. Conclusion: LTL plays several pharmacological processes. Although scientists have strongly reported the important functions of LTL, we conclude by emphasizing the further use of laboratory experiments to extend its application scope

TUBEIMOSIDE-1, A TRITERPENOID SAPONIN: AN UPDATE ON ITS PHARMACOLOGICAL EFFECTS

It is known that humans have been using natural products for medicinal use for ages. Tubeimoside-1 (TBMS1) is a triterpenoid saponin first isolated in China from Bolbostemma paniculatum (Maxim) Franquet, Cucurbitaceae. This review provides a deep overview on TBMS1 and extensively summarizes its pharmacological functions. As result, TBMS1 has drawn great interest in medicinal field due to its multiple pharmacological functions such as anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, antidiabetic, anti-human immunodeficiency viruses, and neuroprotective properties. Further, TBMS1 plays an important role in a wide range of pharmacological processes. Although possessing important functions, further experimentations are required to broaden the scope of its application

PROTECTIVE EFFECT OF A TRADITIONAL MEDICINE, RUTIN, AGAINST LIPOPOLYSACCHARIDE-INDUCED ENDOTOXEMIA IN MICE

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a main causative agent of septic shock. In this study we investigated the possible effects of Rutin (RT) against LPS-induced endotoxemia model in vivo to determine whether RT could rescue mice from ensuing death after their exposure to LPS. To further understand the role of RT, the responses of cytokines were also assessed in serum isolated from blood collected at 0, 1.5, 3, 6, and 12h after LPS administration of the mice. In the study, RT showed suppressive effects on TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β production by LPS- challenged mice. Furthermore, RT protected mice by improving host survival against LPS challenge. The present ï¬ndings reinforce the potential of RT, a natural compound as drug candidate for prevention of sepsis progression. Keywords: Rutin, lipopolysaccharide, cytokine, sepsis, mic

A study on the reduction of antibiotic use by introducing organic acids in broiler chicken feed in the district of Abidjan - Ivory Coast

The use of organic acids in the diet of animals is potentially beneficial for maintaining intestinal hemostasis and controlling the growth of pathogenic bacteria. The objective of this study was to experiment with organic acids as additives to antibiotics used by farmers. A total of 490 broilers were studied in this study and were divided into 5 lots of 98 subjects. The experimental core consisted of Fysal, Fysal-Selko, Selko, Patheryl (reference antibiotic) and Control. The experimental products were introduced in the drinking water (Selko pH) and in the feed (Fysal MP). A high feed consumption was noticed in the Fysal lot with 80.44±44g/chicken followed respectively by the Pteryl lots with 79.48 ± 42.25g/chicken, Fysal-Selko with 79.34 ± 43.62g/chicken, Selko with 77.27 ± 41.39g/chicken and finally Control with 76.01 ± 39.41g/chicken. The weight gain was high in the Fysal lot with 1770 ± 623.38g followed respectively by the Fysal-Selko lots with 1709 ± 606.05g, Pteryl with 1619 ± 577.70g, Selko with 1607 ± 567.90g against the Control lot with 1550 ± 544.41g. A mortality rate of 3.06% was recorded only in the Selko lot. Economically, the lots (Fysal, Fysal-Selko and Selko) that consumed the feed and water containing organic acids recorded higher profits compared to the Control and Pteryl batches. The organic acids such as Fysal MP and Selko pH could be used as alternatives to antibiotics in poultry farming. Keywords: Broiler, growth performance, organic acids, antibiotic

Prevention and Management of Postpartum Complications in Sows: The Case of Matoto, Guinea

One of the most common diseases that affects sows after parturition is mastitis. In other cases, it is a swelling of the breasts or a case of vulvitis or vaginitis. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of postpartum complications in sows and establish treatment management and preventive measures. Bacteriology analysis showed that the prevalence of mastitis was significantly higher for mastitis. Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp have been identified as bacterial pathogens. Prevalence rates were significantly higher in primiparous sows (3.78% of mastitis; 1.4% to 0.7% of vaginitis and vulvitis) than in multiparous animals (0.72% of mastitis; 0.3% of vaginitis and 0 , 06% of vulvitis). In the Matoto municipality, mastitis in sows manifests as edema of the breast and is known as one of the main pathologies affecting the females after giving birth. These data demonstrate the appearance of postpartum complications which should attract the attention of researchers and pig breeders for better exploitation of pig farming. Keywords: complications, postpartum, sows, Guinea Conakry

Evaluation of the antiparasitic properties of Allium sativum L. (Alliaceae) in the treatment of intestinal coccidiosis in broilers

The objective of this study was to evaluate the phytotherapeutic efficacy of Allium sativum L. (garlic) as alternative compounds to antibiotics used by farmers in the treatment of coccidiosis in poultry. In this study, 20 chickens divided into 4 batches received only garlic powder in their feed. The results obtained after a natural infestation revealed a weight loss in all subjects before administration of the different products. Following treatment, a considerable decrease in coccidia eggs in the chickens receiving the highest concentrations of the products. The weight gain was more or less high in the treated batches except in the control batches. In conclusion, this study generated biological results. These data support that garlic could be used as alternatives to antibiotics in poultry and many other livestock operations. Although they have important functions, further experiments are needed to elucidate the biological mechanisms behind their use in animals. Keywords : Garlic, intestinal coccidia, broiler

Investigation into the Cavally River ichthyofauna in Guinea

Abstract In recent years, naturalists and scientists have been concerned about the ichthyological fauna of rivers and bodies of water. The aim of this study was to identify the fish species inhabiting the Cavally river. Based on consultation with the managers and analysis of the archives, it was established that fishing is practised in the area, but on a limited scale. Surveys of stakeholders revealed 8 families (including 14 genera) of fish, divided between the most abundant (Mormyrudae, Cyprinidae), the rarest (Polypteridae), the most threatened with extinction (Malapteridae) and those that have recently appeared (Claria gariepinus, Oreochromis niloticus and Heterotis niloticus). The fishing equipment used in the area includes fish hooks, nets and creels. Keywords : Ichthyological fauna; Cavally River ; fish species, Guinea

Influence of the quality of pond waterfish farms on the growth of Heterobranchus isopterus in the peri-urban area of N'Zérékoré, Guinea

To promote the breeding of Heterobranchus isopterus in the peri-urban area of ​​N'Zérékoré, a study of the effect of the water quality of two fish ponds on the growth of Heterobranchus isopterus was carried out from October 15, 2019 to March 10, 2020. This study covered on two (2) E1 and E2 ponds of average depth (1.5 m) and respective surfaces of 4 ares and 11 ares.. The quantities of fish (fry) on loading are 80 for E1 and 220 for E2. The fish were fed by rice bran, oil decant, cassava leaf and potato. Pig slurry and goat droppings were used as pond fertilizers.The parameter measurements (temperature, dissolved oxygen and saturation) were performed at two depth levels (30 cm and 90 cm) of each pond and at the following times: 7:30 am, 12:30 pm and 5:30 pm. The evaluation of the growth of the 4 month old fish was based on measurements of weight, size, height and width of the fins. The results obtained showed that the parameters (temperature, dissolved oxygen and turbidity) of the two ponds E1 and E2 are relatively the same and remain favorable. the development of H. isopterus at a depth of 90 cm, but the results of the E1 pond are more recommended for a traditional fish farming. The average weights of the fish in both ponds increased from 26.5 g to 722.5 g, with an average daily increase of 3.865 g.   Keywords: Breeding, Water Quality, Growth of Heterobranchus isopteru

Zooplankton Diversity in the Bay of Tabounssou: The Case of Faban Estuary, Guinea

On the Guinean coast, about 218 planktonic species are encountered among which, 184 species of zooplankton belonging to 60 families have been identified and copepods alone represent 63%. In the Faban estuary, fish larvae are the only group generally exploited. Fishing is carried out by men using the hawk net with small meshes. Women are the most involved in this activity, they ensure the processing and marketing of the products. A total of twenty-seven (27) zooplankton and water samples were collected and analyzed. The various field observations and laboratory analyses revealed 21 taxa, fourteen (14) of which belonged to the Crustacean phylum, two (2) to the Chaetognathes phylum, one (1) to the Cnidaria phylum and four (4) to the Vertebrate phylum. In terms of abundance, copepods are the most represented (57%) followed by Zoes (20%) and jellyfish (10%). The zooplankton population is unevenly distributed across the stations and this distribution is governed by environmental parameters. The analysis of water samples taken has identified variations in certain environmental parameters. In contrast to salinity, which averaged 14.23 g/l, temperature and turbidity decreased from upstream to downstream, with averages of 26.86°C and 33.47 NTU respectively, while the highest values for pH (7.92) and dissolved oxygen (6.71) were observed in September at Stations 2 and 3, respectively. Keywords: Zooplankton Diversity, Bay of Tabounssou, environmental parameters, pH, dissolved oxyge

Hormonal sex reversal technique of Oreochromis niloticus larvae in a tank in the Urban Commune of Kankan, Republic of Guinea

Hormonal sex - reversal is widely recognized as having significant advantage over both manual sexing and hybridization. The present study carried out in the aquaculture center of Kankan aimed at producing monosex male fry of Oreochromis niloticus in order to increase the yield of this species. During this study, 95 Oreochromis niloticus broodstock including 21 males and 74 females were paired (spawned) in a spawning tank of 135 m2 surface for 15 days. The respective mean weights of the spawners were 448.6 ±157.7 g for males and 406.7±115.9 g for females. Hormonal treatment was performed on 900 larvae with an average initial weight of 0.028 g from the 10th post fertilization to the 38th day in a tank of one (1) m3. The larvae were fed with 1 kg of imported "Raanan Premium Fish" powdered feed titrated with 40% protein, mixed in a hormonal solution containing 17-α-methyltestosterone and 90% ethanol with respective doses of 100 mg and 500 ml. At the end of hormonal treatment, 578 fry with a final average weight of 4.5 g were conducted in a pre-pregnancy tank with a surface area of 50 m2 for 30 days and yielded at the end of pre-pregnancy 501 fry with a final average weight of 13 g, a daily growth rate of 0.22 g, a specific growth rate of 1.7%, a survival rate of 64% and a mortality rate of 36%. After sex identification (sexing), the rates of hormonal treatment were 83.33% and 16.66% for males and females, respectively. In conclusion, the popularization of the results of this study could be considered as an alternative for a production of monosex male population in Oreochromis niloticus that will feed the networks of local producers to improve the production of the species throughout the country. Keywords: Oreochromis niloticus, hormone, sex, larvae and tank