Public involvement in setting a national research agenda

<p>(A) Graphical map of the BLAST results showing nucleotide identity between <i>A</i>. <i>fasciata</i> mitogenome and 15 related species listed in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0136297#pone.0136297.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>, as generated by the CGView comparison tool (CCT). CCT arranges BLAST result in an order where sequence that is most similar to the reference (<i>A</i>. <i>fasciata</i>) is placed closer to the outer edge of the map. The rings labelled 1 to17 indicate BLAST results of <i>A</i>. <i>fasciata</i> mitogenome against <i>A</i>. <i>chrysaetos</i>, <i>N</i>. <i>nipalensis</i>, <i>N</i>. <i>alboniger</i>, <i>S</i>. <i>cheela</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>monachus</i>, <i>B</i>. <i>lagopus</i>, <i>B</i>. <i>buteo</i>, <i>B</i>. <i>buteo burmanicus</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>soloensis</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>virgatus</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>gentilis</i>, <i>A</i>. <i>nisus</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>haliaetus</i>, <i>S</i>. <i>serpentarius</i>, <i>C</i>. <i>aura</i>, <i>P</i>. <i>badius</i>, and <i>S</i>. <i>leptogrammica</i>, respectively. (B) Nucleotide-based phylogenetic tree of 16 Accipitriformes species, with two Strigiformes birds as outgroups. This analysis is based on 13PCGs. Both ML and Bayesian analyses produced identical tree topologies. The ML bootstrap and Bayesian posterior probability values for each node are indicated.</p

REPRODUCTION

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Additional file 5: Figure S2. of GiniClust: detecting rare cell types from single-cell gene expression data with Gini index

Comparison of GiniClust and RaceID on the simulated dataset. (A–C) Projection of the simulated data on various principal components; (D) GiniClust identified clusters; (E) decomposition of each simulated rare cluster into GiniClust clusters; (F) RaceID identified clusters; (G) decomposition of each simulated rare cluster into RaceID clusters. (PDF 16879 kb

Asparagus cochinchinensis Merr.

原著和名: クサスギカヅラ科名: ユリ科 = Liliaceae採集地: 千葉県 君津郡 浜金谷海浜 (千葉県 浜金谷海浜)採集日: 1948/9/26採集者: 萩庭丈壽整理番号: JH043062国立科学博物館整理番号: TNS-VS-99306

One-Pot Synthesis and Characterization of Polyrotaxane–Silica Hybrid Aerogel

A novel kind of polyrotaxane–silica hybrid aerogel is successfully prepared via one-pot sol–gel synthesis in this work. The polyrotaxane can chemically interpenetrate with Si particles homogeneously in nanoscale, so as to shorten the gelation time and construct a flexible and mechanically strong skeleton. The supramolecular effect ascribable to the sliding motion of cyclic components in polyrotaxane is introduced into the hybrid aerogel for the first time. Compared with the brittle pure silica aerogel, the obtained polyrotaxane–silica hybrid aerogels show very low density, low thermal conductivity, and more than two orders magnitude improvement in the compression strength without compromising transparency

Highly Stretchable and Instantly Recoverable Slide-Ring Gels Consisting of Enzymatically Synthesized Polyrotaxane with Low Host Coverage

Gels with high mechanical performance have attracted great interest because of their potential biomedical applications. Tough gels reported thus far usually contain sacrificial species to dissipate energy, thus compromising the fatigue resistance. In this study, highly stretchable and recoverable gels can be achieved by cross-linking cyclodextrin (CD)-based polyrotaxane with a low host coverage, synthesized via a one-pot enzymatic end-capping reaction with 90% yield and ∼2% CD coverage (PR02). The low coverage allows the CD cross-links to freely slip on the axis over large distance (∼2/3 of the axis length) and thus allows the PR02 slide-ring network keep intact under large deformation via the pulley effect. The PR02-hydrogel can be stretched up to ∼1600% long, withstand ∼1 MPa stress, and fully recover instantly. PR02-DMSO gels exhibit a shape memory behavior that withstood large deformation. As the first research to control the final property of the network by precisely controlling the slide distance of the cross-links, this work not only pushes the performance envelope of soft matters but also opens new opportunities for designing tough materials

Histological analysis of thigh muscle and nervous tissues adjacent to implants.

<p>a, b Sections of thigh muscle from implanted control group (a) and microwave treatment group (b) were stained with hematoxylin and eosin after 30-day microwave treatment. Arrow shows swelling myocytes observed occasionally in the treatment group. c, d Transmission electron microscopy of skeletal muscle from the implanted control group (c) and microwave treatment group (d). Asterisk shows abnormal mitochondria and mitochondrial cristae decreasing in the treatment group. e-h The optical photomicrographs (e, f) and transmission electron microscopy photographs (g, h) of nervous tissues adjacent to implants. No abnormal morphological changes are investigated in either control or treatment group. Scale bars: 50µm (a, b, e and f); 5µm (c, d, g and h).</p

One Single Graphene Oxide Film for Responsive Actuation

Graphene, because of its superior electrical/thermal conductivity, high surface area, excellent mechanical flexibility, and stability, is currently receiving significant attention and benefit to fabricate actuator devices. Here, a sole graphene oxide (GO) film responsive actuator with an integrated self-detecting sensor has been developed. The film exhibits an asymmetric surface structure on its two sides, creating a promising actuation ability triggered by multistimuli, such as moisture, thermals, and infrared light. Meanwhile, the built-in laser-writing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) sensor in the film can detect its own deformation in real time. Smart perceptual fingers in addition to rectangular-shaped and even four-legged walking robots have been developed based on the responsive GO film

Optical Field Enhancement in Au Nanoparticle-Decorated Nanorod Arrays Prepared by Femtosecond Laser and Their Tunable Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Applications

Various Au nanostructures have been demonstrated to have an enhanced local electric field around them because of surface plasmons. Herein, we propose a novel method for fabricating Au nanoparticle-decorated nanorod (NPDN) arrays through femtosecond laser irradiation combined with Au coating and annealing. The nanorod cavities strongly confined light and produced an enhanced optical field in response to Au nanoparticles (NPs) introduction. The nanogap and diameter of the fabricated Au NPs significantly affected the surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) performance and could be simultaneously tuned with thickness-controllable Au films and substrate morphologies. The resulting Au NPDN substrate was observed to have efficient “hot spots” for tunable SERS applications. We experimentally determined that the enhancement factor of the Au NPDN substrate reached up to 8.3 × 10⁷ at optimal parameters. Moreover, the Au NPDN substrate showed superior chemical stability, with the greatest intensity deviation of 3.2% on exposure to air for 2 months. This work provides a promising method to fabricate tunable plasmonic surfaces for highly sensitive, reproducible, and chemically stable SERS applications

Visualization 1: Pump-probe imaging of the fs-ps-ns dynamics during femtosecond laser Bessel beam drilling in PMMA

An animation showing the evolution process during fs laser Bessel beam drilling in PMMA Originally published in Optics Express on 14 December 2015 (oe-23-25-32728