30 research outputs found
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The effect of flavanol rich cocoa on cerebral perfusion in older adults during conscious resting state : a placebo controlled, crossover, acute trial
Rationale: There has recently been increasing interest in the potential of flavanols, plant derived compounds found in foods such as fruit and vegetables, to ameliorate age-related cognitive decline. Research suggests that cocoa flavanols improve memory and learning, possibly as a result of their anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects. These effects may be mediated by increased cerebral blood flow (CBF), thus stimulating neuronal function.
Objectives: The present study employed arterial spin labelling (ASL) functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) to explore the effect of a single acute dose of cocoa flavanols on regional CBF.
Methods: CBF was measured pre and post consumption of low (23mg) or high (494mg) 330ml equicaloric flavanol drinks matched for caffeine, theobromine, taste and appearance according to a randomised counterbalanced crossover double-blind design in eight males and ten females, aged 50-65 years. Changes in perfusion from pre to post consumption were calculated as a function of each drink.
Results: Significant increases in regional perfusion across the brain were observed following consumption of the high flavanol drink relative to the low flavanol drink, particularly in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and the central opercular cortex of the parietal lobe.
Conclusions: Consumption of cocoa flavanol improves regional cerebral perfusion in older adults. This provides evidence for a possible acute mechanism by which cocoa flavanols are associated with benefits for cognitive performance
Semantic-Aware Automatic Parallelization of Modern Applications Using High-Level Abstractions
Modern temporal network theory: A colloquium
The power of any kind of network approach lies in the ability to simplify a
complex system so that one can better understand its function as a whole.
Sometimes it is beneficial, however, to include more information than in a
simple graph of only nodes and links. Adding information about times of
interactions can make predictions and mechanistic understanding more accurate.
The drawback, however, is that there are not so many methods available, partly
because temporal networks is a relatively young field, partly because it more
difficult to develop such methods compared to for static networks. In this
colloquium, we review the methods to analyze and model temporal networks and
processes taking place on them, focusing mainly on the last three years. This
includes the spreading of infectious disease, opinions, rumors, in social
networks; information packets in computer networks; various types of signaling
in biology, and more. We also discuss future directions.Comment: Final accepted versio
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A low glycaemic load breakfast can attenuate cognitive impairments observed in middle aged obese females with impaired glucose tolerance.
Increased central adiposity and abnormalities in glucose tolerance preceding type 2 diabetes can have demonstrable negative effects on cognitive function, even in ostensibly healthy, middle-aged females. The potential for GL manipulations to modulate glycaemic response and cognitive function in type 2 diabetes and obesity merits further investigation.
PAT: Towards flexible verification under fairness
10.1007/978-3-642-02658-4_59Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics)5643 LNCS709-71
The specification and design of hard real-time systems using timed and temporal petri nets
Isolation of the Golgi apparatus from suspension cultured tobacco cells and preliminary observations on the intracellular transport of extensin-precursor
Formal Program Optimization in Nuprl Using Computational Equivalence and Partial Types
Abstract. This paper extends the proof methods used by the Nuprl proof assistant to reason about the computational behavior of its untyped programs. We have implemented new methods to prove non-trivial bisim-ulations between programs and have successfully applied these methods to formally optimize distributed programs such as our synthesized and verified version of Paxos, a widely used protocol to achieve software based replication. We prove new results about the basic computational equality relation on terms, and we extend the theory of partial types as the ba-sis for stating internal results about the computation system that were previously treated only in the meta theory of Nuprl. All the lemmas presented in this paper have been formally proved in Nuprl.