A critical review of recommendations to increase dietary protein requirements in the habitually active

Some scientists and professional organisations have called for an increase in dietary protein for those who reach a threshold level of exercise, i.e. endurance athletes. But there are individual scientists who question this recommendation. Limitations in the procedures used to justify changing the recommended daily allowance (RDA) are at issue. N balance has been used to justify this increase; but it is limiting even when measured in a well-controlled clinical research centre. Experimental shortcomings are only exacerbated when performed in a sports or exercise field setting. Another laboratory method used to justify this increase, the isotope infusion procedure, has methodological problems as well. Stable isotope infusion data collected during and after exercise cannot account for fed-state gains that counterbalance those exercise losses over a 24 h dietary period. The present review concludes that an adaptive metabolic demand model may be needed to accurately study the protein health of the active individual

Association of Interleukin-10 Cluster Genes and Salmonella Response in the Chicken

Salmonella enteritidis lipopolysaccharide stimulates interleukin 10 (IL10) gene expression in chickens. Four genes in the IL10 cluster [polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (PIGR), interleukin 10 (IL10), map kinase-activated protein kinase 2 (MAPKAPK2), and ligatin (LGTN)] plus dual-specificity tyrosine-(Y)-phosphorylation regulated kinase1A (DYRK1A) were investigated using the F8 generation of 2 related advanced intercross lines (AIL). The AIL were generated by crossing outbred broilers with dams of 2 highly inbred lines (Leghorn and Fayoumi). Intercrossing continued within the 2 dam lines. The F8 chicks (n = 132) were intraesophageally inoculated at 1 d with S. enteritidis. At d 7 or 8, both spleen tissue and cecal contents were cultured to quantify S. enteritidis load. The F8 population was genotyped for one single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) per gene by using a multiplexed SNaPshot assay. Association of gene SNP with S. enteritidis bacterial burden was analyzed by the GLM. The MAPKAPK2 and IL10 genes were highly (P \u3c 0.001) associated with S. enteritidis burden in spleen tissue and cecal luminal content. Suggestive associations (P \u3c 0.05) of PIGR with spleen tissue and cecal content were found. The results suggest that SNP in MAPKAPK2 and IL10 were strongly associated with Salmonella burden and may be valuable in generating resistant birds by marker-assisted selection

Baseline LHC machine parameters and configuration of the 2015 proton run

This paper shows the baseline LHC machine parameters for the 2015 start-up. Many systems have been upgraded during LS1 and in 2015 the LHC will operate at a higher energy than before and with a tighter filling scheme. Therefore, the 2015 commissioning phase risks to be less smooth than in 2012. The proposed starting configuration puts the focus on feasibility rather than peak performance and includes margins for operational uncertainties. Instead, once beam experience and a better machine knowledge has been obtained, a push in $\beta^*$ and performance can be envisaged. In this paper, the focus is on collimation settings and reach in $\beta^*$---other parameters are covered in greater depth by other papers in these proceedings.Comment: submitted for publication in a CERN yellow report (Proceedings of the LHC Performance Workshop - Chamonix 2014

The data we have : Pregnancy and birth related data collection in Australia, Canada, Europe and the USA – A web-based survey of practice

Acknowledgements The authors would like to thank all of the databank custodians who participated in the survey in order to help us determine the pregnancy and birth data that is collected across Europe, Canada and the USA.Peer reviewedPublisher PD