Modulation of human dendritic cell functions by antibody fragments

Le système immunitaire protège un organisme du développement de pathogènes et participe activement au maintien de la tolérance immunitaire. Les cellules dendritiques (DC) sont des cellules spécialisées dans l’équilibre pro et anti-inflammatoire de la réponse immunitaire. Les DC jouent un rôle important dans de nombreux contextes pathologiques notamment la transplantation d’organes, en oncologie et dans les pathologies inflammatoires. Elles sont modulables grâce à divers facteurs, intrinsèques et extrinsèques. Parce qu’elles sont capables d’induire une réponse tolérogène, ces cellules représentent des cibles intéressantes pour moduler la réponse immunitaire dans le contexte de la transplantation d’organes et des pathologies inflammatoires. Certains agents pathogènes utilisent des mécanismes d’échappement au système immunitaire en favorisant l’induction d’une tolérance immunitaire. Cette modulation est réalisée par le ciblage des récepteurs de reconnaissance des pathogènes (PRR) sur la présence des DC, induisant la synthèse d’une cytokine antiinflammatoire IL-10, un des inducteurs de la tolérance immunitaire. Notre stratégie a été de construire un anticorps bispécifique ciblant deux PRR différents à partir d’une banque d’anticorps anti-PRR. Notre travail montre que cet anticorps bispécifique est capable d’orienter les DC vers d’un profil tolérogène. Cet anticorps bispécifique induit un phénotype de DC semi-mature avec un profil de sécrétion pro-tolérogène avec de l’IL-10 et peu de cytokines inflammatoires. Le profil de tolérance immunitaire induite par ces cellules reste à explorer. Nos travaux ouvrent de perspectives intéressantes sur l’association des PRR en vue d’obtenir la modulation des cellules de l’immunité.The immune system protects an organism from the development of pathogens and actively participates in maintaining immune tolerance. Dendritic cells (DC) are specialized cells in the balance and anti-inflammatory immune response. DC play an important role in many pathological contexts, including organ transplantation, oncology and inflammatory diseases. Various factors, both intrinsic and extrinsic, can modulate. Because they are capable to inducing a tolerogenic response, these cells represent interesting targets for the immune response in the context of organ transplantation and in inflammatory pathologies. Some pathogens use mechanisms of escape to the immune system by promoting the induction of immune tolerance. This modulation is achieved by targeting the pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) present on the surface of DC, inducing the synthesis of an anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, one of the main inducers of immune tolerance. Our strategy was to construct a bispecific antibody targeting two different PPRs from an anti-PRR antibody library. Our work shows that this bispecific antibody is able to direct the DC to a pro-tolerogenic profile. This bispecific antibody induces a semi-mature DC phenotype with a secretion profile of pro-tolerogenic cytokines such as IL-10 and few inflammatory cytokines. The immune tolerance profile of these DC remains to be explored. Our work opens interesting perspectives on the association of PRRs in order to obtain the modulation of the cells of the immunity

Molecular Sciences Tethering Innate Surface Receptors on Dendritic Cells: A New Avenue for Immune Tolerance Induction?

International audienceDendritic cells (DCs) play a key role in immunity and are highly potent at presenting antigens and orienting the immune response. Depending on the environmental signals, DCs could turn the immune response toward immunity or immune tolerance. Several subsets of DCs have been described, with each expressing various surface receptors and all participating in DC-associated immune functions according to their specific skills. DC subsets could also contribute to the vicious circle of inflammation in immune diseases and establishment of immune tolerance in cancer. They appear to be appropriate targets in the control of inflammatory diseases or regulation of autoimmune responses. For all these reasons, in situ DC targeting with therapeutic antibodies seems to be a suitable way of modulating the entire immune system. At present, the field of antibody-based therapies has mainly been developed in oncology, but it is undergoing remarkable expansion thanks to a wide variety of antibody formats and their related functions. Moreover, current knowledge of DC biology may open new avenues for targeting and modulating the different DC subsets. Based on an update of pathogen recognition receptor expression profiles in human DC subsets, this review evaluates the possibility of inducing tolerant DCs using antibody-based therapeutic agents

Modulation of human dendritic cell functions by bispecific antibody targeting pathogens recognition receptors

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