Multiplex PCR amplification of mitochondrial genes of <i>E. multilocularis</i> and <i>Taenia</i> spp. of DNA extracted from liver of small mammals.

<p>Lane M, 50 bp DNA ladder (Fermentas; Cat No SM0373); Lane 1, positive control, a standard DNA of <i>E. multilocularis</i> (395 bp); Lane 2, negative control; Lane 5, 6, 10–12 <i>E. multilocularis</i>; Lane 7 and 8, mixed infection of <i>E. multilocularis</i> (395 bp) and <i>Taenia</i> spp. (267 bp); Lane 3, 4, 9, and 13 negative samples.</p

Map of Iran.

<p>Razavi Khorasan Province is highlighted by yellow border. The study area, Chenaran County, is indicated by red (red pin). Based on the map of Iran at <a href="http://www.plosntds.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pntd.0002313#pntd.0002313-Beiromvand1" target="_blank">[19]</a>.</p

<i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> isolated from a jackal in Razavi Khorasan Province.

<p>A) in normal saline solution (×100); B) with acetic acid alum carmine staining (×40); C) Drawings of <i>E. multilocularis</i> (×400) (made with the aid of Camera Lucida).</p

Multiplex PCR amplification of DNA extracted from fecal samples.

<p>A. of dogs: Lane M; 50 bp ladder, Lane 1, positive control; Lane 2–11 samples; Lane 13, negative control. B. of wild carnivores: Lane M, 50 bp ladder, lane 1–2 and 6–12, jackal samples; Lane 3–5, fox samples; Lane 13, wolf sample; Lane 14, hyena sample; Lane 15, negative control.</p

Prevalence of <i>E. multilocularis</i>, <i>E. granulosus</i>, and <i>Taenia</i> spp. infection in fecal samples of canids.

a<p>Canids host: 77 dogs, nine jackals, three foxes, one hyena, and one wolf from Razavi Khorasan Province.</p

Multiplex PCR amplification of DNA extracted from adult worms in Razavi Khorasan Province.

<p>Lane M, 50 bp DNA ladder (Fermentas; Cat No SM0373); Lane 1–5, <i>Echinococcus multilocularis</i> taken from five jackals; Lane 6 <i>E. granulosus</i> isolated from a wolf; Lane 7, negative control; Lane 8, positive control, a mixture of standard DNA of <i>E. multilocularis</i>, <i>E. granulosus</i>, and <i>Taenia. hydatigena</i>.</p

Co-infections with <i>E. multilocularis</i>, <i>E. granulosus</i> and <i>Taenia</i> spp in fecal samples of canids.

<p>Em: <i>E. multilocularis</i>; Eg: <i>E. granulosus</i>; T: <i>Taenia</i> spp.</p