Sustainability and change in the institutionalized commute in Belgium: exploring regional differences

This paper examines regional differences in commute-energy performance in Belgium, and explores their relationships with spatial characteristics such as the distribution of population and housing, the metropolitan influence of the Brussels agglomeration, and the compactness of cities and towns. We also investigate contradictions between Belgian state-wide commute policy and regional differences in average commuting distance and mode choice. Against a background of long-term federal measures that traditionally encourage long-distance commuting in Belgium, we find striking discrepancies between the structure and the development of commuting patterns in the three administrative regions of Flanders, Wallonia and Brussels. Residents of Brussels show the most sustainable commuting patterns, due to the metropolitan spatial structure. Residents of Wallonia represent the least sustainable commute. Given the rather weak regional economy of Wallonia compared with Flanders, commuters must frequently seek employment far from their residence. Population changes and consequent developments in the housing market seem to exacerbate this competitive disadvantage, since most growth occurs in relatively remote rural areas that are nevertheless within reach of the main employment centres

Recyclage urbain et exploitation optimale du stock bâti et du foncier artificialisé

Cette communication aborde le sujet de la production de logements via le recyclage urbain à travers deux analyses visant à objectiver, d’une part, la production actuelle et, d’autre part, le potentiel de densification qu’offre le stock bâti existant et le foncier artificialisé. Par rapport aux analyses précédentes basées sur les données de permis, ces analyses explorent le potentiel d’utilisation des données patrimoniales en vue d’améliorer le monitoring du recyclage urbain. En outre, elles proposent une identification du potentiel de densification à travers des hypothèses de densification douce visant une intégration dans le contexte bâti existant.This paper addresses the issue of housing production through urban recycling through two analyses aiming to objectify, on the one hand, the current production and, on the other hand, the densification potential offered by the existing built stock and the artificial land. Compared to previous analyses based on permit data, these analyses explore the potential of using heritage data to improve the monitoring of urban recycling. In addition, they propose an identification of the densification potential through soft densification hypotheses aiming at an integration in the existing built context.Recherche CPDT 2021 : Intensification des centralités en vue de lutter contre l'étalement urbain et la dépendance à la voiture11. Sustainable cities and communities13. Climate actio

Benchmark consacré aux dispositifs de régulation des implantations commerciales

Intensification et requalification des centralités pour lutter contre l’étalement urbain et la dépendance à la voitur

Comment objectiver les moyens et outils à utiliser pour réduire l’artificialisation ?

Afin d’atteindre les objectifs de réduction de l’artificialisation, l’objectivation des tendances en cours, des moyens et outils à utiliser apparait comme une aide à la décision indispensable pour les autorités. Cet atelier fait un focus sur différents éléments mis en avant par la recherche CPDT « Intensification et requalification des centralités pour lutter contre l’étalement urbain et la dépendance à la voiture » - Volet 2. L’atelier proposé s’organise autour de trois grands axes : (i) contextualisation de la lutte contre l’artificialisation des sols, (ii) tendances et perspectives relatives à l’artificialisation et au recyclage urbain et (iii) objectivation de quelques mesures/actions/outils envisageables pour réduire l’artificialisation.recherche CPDT « Intensification et requalification des centralités pour lutter contre l’étalement urbain et la dépendance à la voiture »11. Sustainable cities and communities13. Climate action15. Life on lan

Bilan de l'artificialisation des sols en Wallonie

Intensification et requalification des centralités pour lutter contre l’étalement urbain et la dépendance à la voitur

Commerces et centralités

Intensification et requalification des centralités pour lutter contre l’étalement urbain et la dépendance à la voitur

Impact of Low-Level-Viremia on HIV-1 Drug-Resistance Evolution among Antiretroviral Treated-Patients

to determine the emergence and evolution of DRAM during LLV in HIV-1-infected patients while receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART).Retrospective analysis of patients presenting a LLV episode defined as pVL between 40 and 500 c/mL on at least 3 occasions during a 6-month period or longer while on the same ART. Resistance genotypic testing was performed at the onset and at the end of LLV period. Emerging DRAM was defined during LLV if never detected on baseline genotype or before.48 patients including 4 naive and 44 pretreated (median 9 years) presented a LLV episode with a median duration of 11 months. Current ART included 2NRTI (94%), ritonavir-boosted PI (94%), NNRTI (23%), and/or raltegravir (19%). Median pVL during LLV was 134 c/mL. Successful resistance testing at both onset and end of the LLV episode were obtained for 37 patients (77%), among who 11 (30%) acquired at least 1 DRAM during the LLV period: for NRTI in 6, for NNRTI in 1, for PI in 4, and for raltegravir in 2. During the LLV period, number of drugs with genotypic resistance increased from a median of 4.5 to 6 drugs. Duration and pVL level of LLV episode, duration of previous ART, current and nadir CD4 count, number of baseline DRAM and GSS were not identified as predictive factors of resistance acquisition during LLV, probably due to limited number of patients.Persistent LLV episodes below 500 c/ml while receiving ART is associated with emerging DRAM for all drug classes and a decreasing in further therapeutic options, suggesting to earlier consider resistance monitoring and ART optimization in this setting

Intensification et requalification des centralités pour lutter contre l'étalement urbain et la dépendance à la voiture : rapport final de la subvention 2021

Intensification et requalification des centralités pour lutter contre l’étalement urbain et la dépendance à la voiture12. Responsible consumption and production13. Climate actio

The Corinth Rift Laboratory, Greece (CRL): A Multidisciplinary Near Fault Observatory (NFO) on a Fast Rifting System

The western rift of Corinth (Greece) is one of the most active tectonic structures of the euro-mediterranean area. Its NS opening rate is 1.5 cm/yr ( strain rate of 10-6/yr) results into a high microseismicity level and a few destructive, M>6 earthquakes per century, activating a system of mostly north dipping normal faults. Since 2001, monitoring arrays of the European Corinth Rift Laboratory (CRL, www.crlab.eu) allowed to better track the mechanical processes at work, with short period and broad band seismometers, cGPS, borehole strainmeters, EM stations, …). The recent (300 kyr) tectonic history has been revealed by onland (uplifted fan deltas and terraces) and offshore geological studies (mapping, shallow seismic, coring), showing a fast evolution of the normal fault system. The microseismicity, dominated by swarms lasting from days to months, mostly clusters in a layer 1 to 3 km thick, between 6 and 9 km in depth, dipping towards north, on which most faults are rooting. The diffusion of the microseismicity suggests its triggering by pore pressure transients, with no or barely detected strain. Despite a large proportion of multiplets, true repeaters seem seldom, suggesting a minor contribution of creep in their triggering, although transient or steady creep is clearly detected on the shallow part of some majors faults. The microseismic layer may thus be an immature, downward growing detachment, and the dominant rifting mechanism might be a mode I, anelastic strain beneath the rift axis , for which a mechanical model is under development. Paleoseismological (trenching, paleoshorelines, turbidites), archeological and historical studies completed the catalogues of instrumental seismicity, motivating attempts of time dependent hazard assessment. The Near Fault Observatory of CRL is thus a multidisciplinary research infrastructure aiming at a better understanding and modeling of multiscale, coupled seismic/aseismic processes on fault systems.Grant for Researchers (CC) ID 188753