Successive interference cancellation aided sphere decoder for multi-input multi-output systems

In this paper, sphere decoding algorithms are proposed for both hard detection and soft processing in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) systems. Both algorithms are based on the complex tree structure to reduce the complexity of searching the unique minimum Euclidean distance and multiple Euclidean distances, and obtain the corresponding transmit symbol vectors. The novel complex hard sphere decoder for MIMO detection is presented first, and then the soft processing of a novel sphere decoding algorithm for list generation is discussed. The performance and complexity of the proposed techniques are demonstrated via simulations in terms of bit error rate (BER), the number of nodes accessed and floating-point operations (FLOPS)

HAEMOGRAM OF KHASI LOCAL (MEGHALAYA LOCAL) PIG AT DIFFERENT AGE

The blood of Meghalaya Local pigs of different ages i.e. 0 day, 15 days, 1 month, 2 months, 4 months and 6 months) were collected and studied various cytological parameters like Hb. (g.percent), TEC (million/cmm), PVC (percent), ESR (mm/hr.), TLC (thousand/cmm), Neutrophil (percent), Eosinophil (percent) and Lymphocyte (percent). Newborn piglets showed an average Hb% of 6.9 ± 0.17, RBC counts of 3.81± 0.39 million/cmm of blood and which increased with the advancement of age. PVC% was found to be lowest in newborn piglets 18.3 ± 0.69 and highest in 6 months age 45.5 ± 0.51. Neutrophil count was significantly higher in newborn piglets 52.67 ± 1.35 and basophil was also observed to be present in the age group of 1 month, 2 months, and 6 months

EFFECT OF GENETIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS ON SEX RATIO IN CROSSBRED PIGS

The study was initiated with an idea to investigate few genetic and environmental factors that affect sex ratio of Khasi local and their different crossbreds with Hampshire pigs. Individual data were collected of pure Khasi local and its crossbred with 50, 75 and 87.5 % Hampshire inheritance in different seasons like rainy (July to October), summer (March-June) and winter (Nov- Feb). The sex ratio for Khasi local crossbred with 50, 75 and 87.5 % Hampshire inheritance was 1.21 ± 0.16, 1.32 ± 0.16, 1.48 ± 0.16 an 1.32 ± 0.16 respectively with an overall mean sex ratio 1.38 ± 0.16, whereas, the sex ratio for spring, rainy and winter season was 1.31 ± 0.17, 1.29 ± 0.16 and 1.32 ± 0.15, respectively. Similarly, the sex ratio for larger litters and smaller litters was 1.40 ± 0.13 and 1.45 ± 0.13 respectively. This study concludes that crossbreds at different levels of inheritance, season and litter size had no effect on sex ratio

Diffraction limited optics for single atom manipulation

We present an optical system designed to capture and observe a single neutral atom in an optical dipole trap, created by focussing a laser beam using a large numerical aperture N.A.=0.5 aspheric lens. We experimentally evaluate the performance of the optical system and show that it is diffraction limited over a broad spectral range (~ 200 nm) with a large transverse field (+/- 25 microns). The optical tweezer created at the focal point of the lens is able to trap single atoms of 87Rb and to detect them individually with a large collection efficiency. We measure the oscillation frequency of the atom in the dipole trap, and use this value as an independent determination of the waist of the optical tweezer. Finally, we produce with the same lens two dipole traps separated by 2.2 microns and show that the imaging system can resolve the two atoms.Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures; typos corrected and references adde

EFFECT OF PMSG FOLLOWED BY HCG ON ESTRUS SYNCHRONIZATION IN WEANED SOWS

A total of 60 crossbred sows (Hampshire X Khasi Local) were selected a week after weaning and divided into two groups (30 in each). The sows in group-I were injected with 800 IU of PMSG followed by 400 IU of HCG 56 hours after PMSG. In Group-II served as untreated / control. Natural service was given to all estrus sows after 96 hours of hormonal treatment. It was noticed that 90 % of sow exhibited all the sign of estrus after 96 hours and 75 % of sows were sexually receptive to boar. The average interval between treatments to onset of estrus was 87.74 ± 10.72 hours. The duration of estrus varied from 40 to 56 hours with an average of 42.2 ± 3.24 hours in treatment group. Whereas, in control group it ranged from 27 to 52 hours with an average of 36.78 ± 4.12 hours. The furrowing rate was 88 and 90.9 % respectively in treated and control group, while the litter size was 10.37 ± 0.57 and 9.15 +0.34 and number of live born per litter was 9.24 ± 0.43 and 8.78 ± 0.27 respectively. Present finding suggested that it is possible to induce and synchronize fertile estrus with PMSG followed by HCG in weaned sows. The study also suggested that estrus synchronization followed by synchronized furrowing might be practiced to reduced pre-weaning piglet mortality during winter

On the reflectance spectroscopy of snow

We propose a system of analytical equations to retrieve snow grain size and absorption coefficient of pollutants from snow reflectance or snow albedo measurements in the visible and near-infrared regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, where snow single-scattering albedo is close to 1.0. It is assumed that ice grains and impurities (e.g., dust, black and brown carbon) are externally mixed, and that the snow layer is semi-infinite and vertically and horizontally homogeneous. The influence of close-packing effects on reflected light intensity are assumed to be small and ignored. The system of nonlinear equations is solved analytically under the assumption that impurities have the spectral absorption coefficient, which obey the Ångström power law, and the impurities influence the registered spectra only in the visible and not in the near infrared (and vice versa for ice grains). The theory is validated using spectral reflectance measurements and albedo of clean and polluted snow at various locations (Antarctica Dome C, European Alps). A technique to derive the snow albedo (plane and spherical) from reflectance measurements at a fixed observation geometry is proposed. The technique also enables the simulation of hyperspectral snow reflectance measurements in the broad spectral range from ultraviolet to the near infrared for a given snow surface if the actual measurements are performed at a restricted number of wavelengths (two to four, depending on the type of snow and the measurement system).</p