Complete plant regeneration of Valeriana wallichii DC. on auxin enriched medium and phytochemical analysis

Valeriana wallichii DC. (Valerianaceae) is a well-known medicinal herb distributed in Northwest Himalayas. The herb is utilized in the treatment of numerous ailments and diseases such as diarrhoea, diabeties, gastrospans, ulcer and wound healing, etc. Overexploitation, especially collection of rhizomes on a large scale for the medicinal purpose has significantly declined the availability of the herb in natural stands. Hence, there is a requirement of development of cultivation practices and protocol for mass propagation to achieve sustained utilization along with conservation of the species. In the present study, in-vitro culture of nodal segments on MS+2iP+IAA+2,4-D and MS+2iP+IAA+NAA resulted in multiple shoot induction along with regeneration of in-vitro roots on the same medium making the protocol cost-effective, efficient and comparatively less time-consuming. Moreover, the regeneration of adventitious roots from regenerated shoots enhanced the total number of plants obtained per explant as shoots with adventitious roots were individually excised and were transferred to natural conditions through the process of acclimatization. GC-MS analysis of a methanolic extract of leaves of the mother plant and micropropagated plant revealed the presence of 37 and 36 phytocompounds respectively. Phytocompounds including eucalyptol, neophytidiene, hexadecenoic acid, dimethyl palmitamine were identified to be present in the leaves of both mother and micropropagated plants whereas other compounds such as eicosyne, lilial, behenic alcohol were confined to be present in extract prepared from leaves of mother plant. Similary some phytocompounds (phytol, vinicizer, retinol) were detected in methanolic extract prepared from leaves of micropropagated plants

Diverse application and future prospects for commercial cultivation of microalgae species: A review

Industrial revolutions, advancements in health care, pharmaceuticals, transportation can be attributed to advancements made in the field of science and technology. Environment and natural resources has paid a heavy cost for most of industrial development. Rapid depletion of non-renewable sources of energy eventually leading towards the energy crisis, direct or indirect release of industrial effluents into soil and natural water bodies, global warming are among major consequences of industrialization. Ever since these environmental concerns have been recognized substantial studies have been conducted to minimize, control pollution and restore environment and natural resources. Among several measures cultivation of algae on large scale stands out to be a multipurpose solution. Inherent potential of microalgae species to accumulate lipids makes algae an efficient source of biofuel. Beside this ability of algae to detoxify polluted water and industrial effluent support utilization of algae for environment management and restoration. Efficient CO2 fixation, ability to tolerate wide range of environmental conditions, minimal nutritional requirements further support commercial cultivation of algal species to achieve their widespread application. However, efforts are required to develop large scale cultivation protocols (beyond the range of photobioreactors) so as to achieve practical applicability of algae and their products. Alongwith, cultivation protocols there is simultaneous need of either selection of naturally occurring high yielding strains / species or genetic improvement. Standardization of optimum cultivation conditions along with harvesting procedure is equally important