Traumatic Lessons in Two Protohistoric Populations from Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Anthropology, Cleveland State UniversitySkeletal remains of 2 protohistoric Amerindian populations from Ohio were examined for the presence of traumatic lesions. Of the 166 skeletons analyzed, 9.6% (16) exhibited osteological traumas. In 81.3% (13) of these injuries, the causes appeared to have been accidents, and in 18.7% (3) the causes were aggressive activities. The accidental traumas were bony fractures which probably resulted from a fall. The inflicted traumas were produced with weapons. The skeletons from Anderson displayed a significantly (P < .05) higher frequency (18.2%) of total trauma than those from Eiden (6.6%). For both of the populations the difference observed between frequencies for inflicted and accidental trauma was not statistically significant. Within each population there was no significant difference between males and females for the frequency of traumas. Also, there was no significant difference in the frequency of traumas for the females of the 2 groups. However, males from Anderson had a significantly (P < .05) higher frequency (26.3%) of trauma than males from Eiden (7.0%)

An Isolated Human Skeleton from Southern Ohio

Author Institution: Department of Anthropology, Cleveland State UniversityDuring the recent construction of the Ross County Regional Water System in Southern Ohio, the skeletal remains of a prehistoric American Indian were recovered. The isolated burial remains represent the skeleton of a male, between 40 and 45 years of age. The discovery circumstances prevent accurate determination of the date of deposition. An extensive examination of the skeletal remains suggests the occurrence of several pathological lesions among which are: a healed fracture of the left clavicle, osteoarthritis of the joint surfaces of the long bones and vertebrae, periostitis of the lower limbs, cribra orbitalia, and an advanced case of Leggs-Calve-Perthes Disease

Ancient Disease in Ohio: The Eiden Population

Author Institution: Department of Anthropology, Cleveland State UniversitySkeletal material from a protohistoric (A.D. 1490±55 years) Amerindian population which lived in Lorain County provided information on one of Ohio's early Indian groups. The skeletal material indicated some categories of pathology and skeletal anomalies which were present. The frequency of occurrence of these skeletal lesions were then interpreted from an cpidemiological point of view. The analyses showed the presence of the following classes of skeletal lesions: developmental anomalies, infectious diseases, degenerative conditions, neoplastic lesions, fractures, and a possible nutritional disorder. The results suggest that the adults have significantly (p < .05) higher frequencies than the subadults for developmental anomalies, infectious diseases, and degenerative conditions. Also, the adult males have significantly higher frequencies than adult females for developmental anomalies and degenerative conditions

Paleoepidemiology of Infectious Disease in the Dickson Mounds Population

The major focus of paleopathology has been the delimiting of disease in time and space. Information about the history of specific diseases is the objective of many of these studies. While the chronological and geographical dimensions of paleopathology contribute significantly to our knowledge of disease, there are limits to this approach, which often fails to consider the interaction of biology and culture in the disease of prehistoric populations

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission: Optical Telescope Element Design, Development, and Performance

The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is a large, infrared space telescope that has recently started its science program which will enable breakthroughs in astrophysics and planetary science. Notably, JWST will provide the very first observations of the earliest luminous objects in the Universe and start a new era of exoplanet atmospheric characterization. This transformative science is enabled by a 6.6 m telescope that is passively cooled with a 5-layer sunshield. The primary mirror is comprised of 18 controllable, low areal density hexagonal segments, that were aligned and phased relative to each other in orbit using innovative image-based wavefront sensing and control algorithms. This revolutionary telescope took more than two decades to develop with a widely distributed team across engineering disciplines. We present an overview of the telescope requirements, architecture, development, superb on-orbit performance, and lessons learned. JWST successfully demonstrates a segmented aperture space telescope and establishes a path to building even larger space telescopes.Comment: accepted by PASP for JWST Overview Special Issue; 34 pages, 25 figure

The Science Performance of JWST as Characterized in Commissioning

This paper characterizes the actual science performance of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), as determined from the six month commissioning period. We summarize the performance of the spacecraft, telescope, science instruments, and ground system, with an emphasis on differences from pre-launch expectations. Commissioning has made clear that JWST is fully capable of achieving the discoveries for which it was built. Moreover, almost across the board, the science performance of JWST is better than expected; in most cases, JWST will go deeper faster than expected. The telescope and instrument suite have demonstrated the sensitivity, stability, image quality, and spectral range that are necessary to transform our understanding of the cosmos through observations spanning from near-earth asteroids to the most distant galaxies.Comment: 5th version as accepted to PASP; 31 pages, 18 figures; https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1538-3873/acb29

The James Webb Space Telescope Mission

Twenty-six years ago a small committee report, building on earlier studies, expounded a compelling and poetic vision for the future of astronomy, calling for an infrared-optimized space telescope with an aperture of at least $4m$. With the support of their governments in the US, Europe, and Canada, 20,000 people realized that vision as the $6.5m$ James Webb Space Telescope. A generation of astronomers will celebrate their accomplishments for the life of the mission, potentially as long as 20 years, and beyond. This report and the scientific discoveries that follow are extended thank-you notes to the 20,000 team members. The telescope is working perfectly, with much better image quality than expected. In this and accompanying papers, we give a brief history, describe the observatory, outline its objectives and current observing program, and discuss the inventions and people who made it possible. We cite detailed reports on the design and the measured performance on orbit.Comment: Accepted by PASP for the special issue on The James Webb Space Telescope Overview, 29 pages, 4 figure

THE SKELETAL BIOLOGY OF THREE PREHISTORIC AMERICAN INDIAN SOCIETIES FROM DICKSON MOUNDS.

Abstract not availabl