Uso de Buprenorfina y Dexmedetomidina en Paciente Crítico

The patient in the intensive care unit is characterized by presenting alterations such as stress, cardiovascular and systemic alterations in a percentage of 10-90%. In the ICU, critical patients are given different drugs such as buprenorphine and dexmedetomidine. Buprenorphine produces supraspinal analgesia and is used in patients with opioid withdrawal syndrome, while dexmedetomidine is an agent with sedative, anxiolytic, sympatholytic and hypnotic effects and other characteristics. In this article we carried out a bibliographic search of articles in English and Spanish in different national and international databases and libraries, giving us results with different studies that show that the use of buprenorphine and dexmedetomidine in critically ill patients has been very useful in these patients thanks to its different benefits and few consequences compared to other anesthetics. Therefore, the use of these drugs favors the management of critically ill patients in the ICU.El paciente en unidad de cuidados intensivos se caracteriza por presentar alteraciones como estrés, alteraciones cardiovasculares y sistémicas en un porcentaje del 10-90%. En UCI, a los pacientes críticos se les aplica diferentes fármacos como buprenorfina y dexmedetomidina. La buprenorfina produce analgesia supraespinal y uso radica en aquellos pacientes con síndrome de abstinencia por opioides, en cambio la dexmedetomidina es un agente con efectos sedantes, ansiolíticos, simpaticolíticos e hipnóticos y otras características. En este artículo realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos en inglés y español en diferentes bases de datos y bibliotecas nacionales e internacionales dándonos como resultados con diferentes estudios que exponen que el uso de buprenorfina y dexmedetomidina en pacientes críticos ha resultado de gran utilidad en dichos pacientes gracias a sus diferentes beneficios y pocas consecuencias a comparacion de otros anestésicos. Por ello, el uso de estos fármacos favorece en el manejo de los pacientes en estado crítico en UCI

Papel de la Resonancia Magnética Nuclear en el Diagnóstico de la Cardiopatía Hipertrófica Apical

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is a genetic disease with high heterogeneity in different aspects. One of its little-known forms is apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which is characterized by an almost exclusive involvement of the left ventricular apex, and is distinguished by the ace-of-spades morphology on ventriculography. The ECG is a diagnostic method for this pathology but different non-invasive diagnostic methods such as cardiac magnetic resonance allow us to confirm its diagnosis due to its greater resolution and appreciation of cardiac morphology. We performed a bibliographic search of articles in English and Spanish with different descriptors, which resulted in the discovery of different case reports that highlight the role of cardiac magnetic resonance as a very useful diagnostic method in apical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Therefore, imaging methods such as magnetic resonance play a crucial role in the identification of morphological characteristics and in the evaluation of complications associated with this pathology.La miocardiopatía hipertrófica es una enfermedad genética con una alta heterogeneidad en diferentes aspectos. Una de sus formas poco conocidas es la miocardiopatía hipertrófica apical la cual se caracteriza por un compromiso, casi exclusivo, del ápice ventricular izquierdo, y se distingue por la morfología de as de picas en la ventriculografía. El ECG es un método diagnóstico para dicha patología pero diferentes métodos diagnósticos no invasivos como la resonancia magnética cardíaca nos permite confirmar su diagnóstico debido  a su mayor resolución y apreciación de la morfología cardiaca. Realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica de artículos en inglés y español con distintos descriptores lo cual dio como resultado el hallazgo de diferentes reportes de casos en los que se destacan el papel de la resonancia magnética cardiaca como método de diagnóstico de gran utilidad en la miocardiopatía hipertrófica apical. Por ello, los métodos de imagen como la resonancia magnética, desempeñan un papel crucial en la identificación de las características morfológicas y en la evaluación de las complicaciones asociadas a esta patologí

Dilated Cardiomyopathy Prevalence in High-Performance Athletes

La miocardiopatia dilatada (MCD) es una patología que afecta al miocardio y se caracteriza por una dilatación  miocárdica, donde este músculo se estira más de lo normal dando paso a un adelgazamiento de las fibras y por ende, las cavidades cardiacas se vuelven más grandes. Tiene una prevalencia de 1 \ 2,500 a nivel mundial, presentando síntomas tales como dolor torácico, desmayo, debilidad, etc. En los deportistas de alto rendimiento, es de gran importancia la realización de diferentes estudios como un EKG de 12 de derivaciones que permita observar las alteraciones presentes en dicha patología ya que los deportistas tienen un riesgo de muerte súbita cardiaca en relación con la presencia de dicha patología. Por ello, realizamos una búsqueda bibliográfica con diferentes descriptores dándonos como resultados diferentes reportes de casos en los que se evidencian la presencia de miocardiopatía dilatada en deportistas que realizan diferentes disciplinas. Por lo que podemos concluir que la detección temprana de esta patología permite mejorar la calidad de vida y el bienestar de los deportistas.Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is a condition that affects the myocardium and is characterized by myocardial dilation, where this muscle stretches more than normal, leading to thinning of the fibers, and consequently, the heart chambers become larger. It has a worldwide prevalence of 1 in 2,500, presenting symptoms such as chest pain, fainting, weakness, etc. In high-performance athletes, it is of great importance to conduct various studies, such as a 12-lead EKG, to observe the alterations present in this condition, as athletes have a risk of sudden cardiac death related to the presence of DCM. Therefore, we conducted a literature search using various descriptors, resulting in different case reports that demonstrate the presence of dilated cardiomyopathy in athletes participating in various sports disciplines. Hence, we can conclude that early detection of this condition improves the quality of life and well-being of athletes

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data