Measurement and Spatial Effects of the Immigrant Created Cultural Diversity in Sydney

This paper analyses the contribution to the creation of a culturally diverse Sydney landscape by ethnic communities following the arrival of over a million and half non-English speaking settlers since 1948. Through fragmented collective actions, around 450 communal places were established to satisfy collectively perceived needs: places of worship, social and sports clubs, schools, childcare and aged care. Immigrants organised to overcome problems of social deprivation and scarcity of public places. They created needed collective goods on their own, through mutuality and compensated for their own meagre material resources with engendered social capital, time and energy. The diversity and intensity of development reflects differences in the perception of the settlement needs, urgency and aims within diverse ethnic groups. Immigrants enhanced the quality of life and developed a liveable city. Collected data inform on the outcome, developed capacities, investment patterns, annual income and expenditure, usage, management and employment patterns, gender and youth participation, functions and generated activities.Settlement, Ethnic, Collective Goods, Communal Places, Spatial Clusters

Measurement and Spatial Effects of the Immigrant Created Cultural Diversity in Sydney

This paper analyses the contribution to the creation of a culturally diverse Sydney landscape by ethnic communities following the arrival of over a million and half non-English speaking settlers since 1948. Through fragmented collective actions, around 450 communal places were established to satisfy collectively perceived needs: places of worship, social and sports clubs, schools, childcare and aged care. Immigrants organised to overcome problems of social deprivation and scarcity of public places. They created needed collective goods on their own, through mutuality and compensated for their own meagre material resources with engendered social capital, time and energy. The diversity and intensity of development reflects differences in the perception of the settlement needs, urgency and aims within diverse ethnic groups. Immigrants enhanced the quality of life and developed a liveable city. Collected data inform on the outcome, developed capacities, investment patterns, annual income and expenditure, usage, management and employment patterns, gender and youth participation, functions and generated activities

The Croatians in Sydney

Croatian settlement in Sydney has a dynamic history of arrivals, desertions, internment, collective departures, and a continuously rich social and political life although only several hundred Croatians lived in Sydney until 1949. At least 5,000 Croatians lived in Australia in 1947, mostly from the coastal region of Dalmatia, mainly from the Makarska area and the island of Korcula. They made up around 80 per cent of all migrants from what was then Yugoslavia and a majority among the approximately 425 ‘Yugoslavs’ who in lived in Sydney in that period. Many more arrived afterwards and at least 118,046 people in Australia, 33,930 in Sydney, were of Croatian ancestry in 2006.3 The experience of Croatians in Sydney is observed through two historical periods, linked by continuous market gardening in the northern suburbs of Mona Vale and Warriewood, and the western suburbs of Cabramatta and Blacktown. Inevitably, it must be understood against the background of the dramatic political and social events that Croatia and Croatians experienced over the twentieth century

Hrvatski jezik u dinamičnom transnacionalnom prostoru

This contribution analyses dynamics of the Croatian language in the changing social environment and the expanding Australian-Croatian transnational social space. It is a language of communication and adaptation to a new home, a constitutive element of institutional completeness in the Croatian diaspora, and embedded in Australian cultural diversity. As a symbol of migrant identity it is also a medium of linkages and exchange, of communication flows between two spatially distant nodes, or homes. Australian-Croatian transnational social space has evolved out of countless linkages at the grass roots level over the past century. Dramatic social, political and technological changes replaced the impact of large scale migration to Australia with the enhanced flow of investment, tourism and return migration to Croatia. Such developments generate new perspectives for the Croatian language in transnational social spaces established from below, providing it with new dynamics of cultural and commercial exchange in addition to representation of identity in a culturally diverse society. Such developments provides perspectives for this embattled language as an important medium of communication in transnational space and as a companion language (alongside major global languages) to travellers and a culturally hybrid second generation in an ever expanding transcultural space.Sažetak U ovom prilogu se analiziraju promjene s kojima se hrvatski jezik susreće unutar dinamičnog australsko-hrvatskog transnacionalnog društvenog prostora i svjetskog društvenog okruženja. Hrvatski jezik se, proživjevši mnoge unutarnje i vanjske izazove i utjecaje, poput mnogih drugih kontinentalnih europskih jezika, proširio po udaljenim prostranstvima obilježenim dominantnim svjetskim jezicima. Generacije iseljenika samoinicijativno su ga održavale s promjenjivim uspjesima. Jezik iseljenih je simbol njihova identiteta, sredstvo komuniciranja, održavanja i intergeneracijskog prijenosa kulture, ali i prilagođavanja životu u novoj sredini. Hrvatski jezik je kao osnovno sredstvo komuniciranja najvažniji element hrvatske doseljeničke institucionalne cjelovitosti čiji je sadržaj ugrađen i u temelje australskog multikulturalizma. Osnovno je sredstvo uspostavljanja i održavanja kontinuiteta raznih obiteljskih i drugih spona, razmjene i komunikacijskog protoka između dvaju prostorno udaljenih lokaliteta, odnosno domova. Poput mnogih drugih posljedica iseljavanja, australsko-hrvatski transnacionalni društveni prostor proizašao je i razvijao se najvećim dijelom iz bezbrojnih spona uspostavljenih tijekom prošlog stoljeća od strane samih iseljenika. Stvaran odozdo, često bez značajnije vanjske institucionalne podrške, ovaj transnacionalni prostor se i nadalje kontinuirano održava kroz bezbrojne svakodnevme aktivnosti samih iseljenika i njihovih obitelji, uključujući i potomke. Uspješnosti tog procesa umnogome pridonose i razni oblici institucionalne organiziranosti samih iseljenika, uključujući i javni prostor izgrađen njihovim radom, ljubavlju i investicijama. To se kod hrvatskih iseljenika najviše odnosi na mnogobrojne vjerske i svjetovne organizacije poput društvenih i sportskih klubova. Izgradnja impresivnog javnog prostora stvorila je podlogu za kontinuirano održavanje raznih društvenih aktivnosti, prijenosa i očuvanja raznih oblika kulture, ali i osiguravanja uvjeta za jezičnu poduku. Na taj način su osigurani minimalni uvjeti za intergeneracijski prijenos kulture i jezika i za održavanje kontinuiteta transnacionalnog društvenog prostora. Mnoge nove aktivnosti i sadržaji su proizašli iz proširene razmjene i komunikacijskih protoka poslije iščezavanja raznih društvenih, političkih i komunikacijskih prepreka tijekom posljednjih dvaju desetljeća. Dramatične promjene od povjesnog i civilizacijskog značaja zamijenile su raniji proces masovnog iseljavanja u Australiju. Pojavili su se novi sadržaji i oblici državne i društvene podrške iz zemlje matice u ranije uspostavljenom transnacionalmom društvenom prostoru a kroz diplomatska predstavništva, investicije u jezično obrazovnje i razmjenu informacija. Umjesto iseljavanja, dolazi do intenziviranja investiranja i turističkih posjeta iz Australije, i to ne samo osoba hrvatskog podrijetla. Sve značajnija je i povratna migracija. Takve promjene kretanja ljudi i nove mogućnosti komuniciranja otvaraju i nove perspektive hrvatskom jeziku, dajući novu dinamičnost transnacionalnom društvenom prostoru stvorenom odozdo. Hrvatski jezik se susreće s novim perspektivama kroz intenzivniju kulturnu razmjenu i daljnje produbljavanje komunikacijskog protoka, što daje novu kvalietu njegovoj ranijoj ulozi etničkog identificiranja. Interes za hrvatski jezik u Australiji postoji usprkos neizbježnim generacijskim promjenama. Za razliku od jezika nekih manjih europskih etničkih zajednica koji su se prestali podučavati na Sveučilištu Macquarie, upis studenata hrvatskog jezika tijekom posljednjeg desetljeća nije bitnije posustao, a ima i mnogo povoljniji trend kretanja u odnosu na poduku hrvatskog jezika na nižoj obrazovnoj razini. Ovakav razvojni put, društvena i komunikacijska kretanja te zabilježeni interes za poznavanjem osnova jezika temelj je mogućih razmatranja o perspekivima hrvatskog jezika kao integralnog sredstva komuniciranja u transnacionalnom društvenom prostoru. Za mnoge predstavnike kulturološki hibridne nove generacije s ograničenim poznavanjem hrvatskog jezika, isti je i dalje važan način identificiranja unutar društvenog sustava obilježenog kulturnim razlikama. Kod posjeta zemlji podrijetla predaka, nekoliko naučenih riječi je osnovno sredstvo identificiranja i početnog komuniciranja, jednako kao i drugim dobronamjernim putnicima koji žele bolje upoznati sredinu koju posjećuju. Promatrajući iz perspektive reteritorijaliziranog jezika, nameću se razmišljanja o hrvatskom jeziku kao jeziku-suputniku globalnim jezicima od posebne koristi hibridnoj novoj generaciji, njihovim težnjama i ambicijama unutar transnacionalnog društvenog prostora koji se stalno razvija i poprima nove oblike i sadržaje

Sustainability of Migration Generated Civic Participation in Urban Governance

16 page(s

Measurement and Spatial Effects of the Immigrant Created Cultural Diversity in Sydney

This paper analyses the contribution to the creation of a culturally diverse Sydney landscape by ethnic communities following the arrival of over a million and half non-English speaking settlers since 1948. Through fragmented collective actions, around 450 communal places were established to satisfy collectively perceived needs: places of worship, social and sports clubs, schools, childcare and aged care. Immigrants organised to overcome problems of social deprivation and scarcity of public places. They created needed collective goods on their own, through mutuality and compensated for their own meagre material resources with engendered social capital, time and energy. The diversity and intensity of development reflects differences in the perception of the settlement needs, urgency and aims within diverse ethnic groups. Immigrants enhanced the quality of life and developed a liveable city. Collected data inform on the outcome, developed capacities, investment patterns, annual income and expenditure, usage, management and employment patterns, gender and youth participation, functions and generated activities

Chinese collective memories in Sydney

Chinese migrants appropriated their own spiritual and secular communal places after settlement in Australia, in Sydney. The development of communal built environemnt-physical sites-is of importance in provision of diverse communal services,stabilizing and refixing identity and the perception of Chineseness. Besides the creation of feeling of home for settlers, diverse linkages are generated out of these places

Collective Action of 'Others' in Sydney

Various ethnic communities undertake collective action to satisfy their social needs in a place of settlement. Collectively created social resources are representative of the patterns of fragmented ethnic collective actions that differ in their capability to appropriate human and material resources, orientation, outcome, form and intensity. Through collective creation of social space migrants add a new and dynamic dimension to the social environment. During the dramatic post-1945 changes in Sydney demographic and cultural structures, over 450 “other” (ethnic) collectives mobilised through grass-roots efforts their scarce resources and created needed collective goods, such as places of worship, clubs, schools, age care facilities. In this way, through creation of communal roots ethnic collectives navigate the path between exclusion and the various forms of inclusion in a dynamic culturally diverse society. Ethnic communal places signify collective conscience, participation, and the embeddedness of transplanted cultures in a transforming social environment and transnational social space

The Croatians in Sydney

11 page(s