The Distribution of Genus Favia (Oken, 1815) at the Reef Flats of Likupang Kampung Ambong Village Minahasa Utara

Six species of Favia were found in this study i.e, Favia pallida (Dana, 1846), Favia speciosa (Dana, 1846), Favia favus (Forskål, 1775), Favia truncatus (Veron, 2000), Favia rotundata (Veron and Pichon, 1977) and Favia matthaii (Vaughan, 1918). The species with the highest percentage of coral cover was Favia pallida (0,386 %). The values of Dominance Index showed that there were no dominant Favia species on Kampung Ambong coral reef flats. Diversity Index (H’) of Favia was 1,47. There are two distribution patterns shown by Favia on Kampung Ambong coral reef flats area, which are clumped and uniformed.Keywords: Favia, Distribution  ABSTRAKDalam penelitian ini ditemukan 6 spesies karang genus Favia, yaitu Favia pallida (Dana, 1846), Favia speciosa (Dana, 1846), Favia favus (Forskål, 1775), Favia truncatus (Veron, 2000), Favia rotundata (Veron and Pichon, 1977) dan Favia matthaii (Vaughan, 1918). Spesies dengan persentase tutupan karang tertinggi adalah Favia pallida (0,37 %). Nilai Indeks Dominasi menunjukkan tidak ada spesies karang genus Favia yang dominan pada rataan terumbu Kampung Ambong. Indeks keanekaragaman karang genus Favia menunjukkan nilai H’ = 1,47. Terdapat dua Pola distribusi yang diperoleh dari karang genus Favia di rataan terumbu Kampung Ambong, yaitu mengelompok dan seragam.Kata Kunci : Favia, Distribus

Community Structure of Seagrass Molas Waters, Sub-district of Bunaken, Manado City of North Sulawesi

A study in community structure seagrass has been done in Molas, Manado City Area, with the aim : 1. To Identify seagrass species from Molas waters, 2. Knowing the community structure  of seagrass in this area, 3. Knowing the condition of aquatic environmental research location. 5 species from 2 families were found in this research i.e. Hydrocharitaceae (Halophila ovalis, Enhalus acoroides,  and Thalassia hemprichii) and Cymodoceaceae (Cymodocea rotundata, Syringodium isoetifolium). The important value of seagrass in the Molas waters showed that Syringodium isoetifolium had important value reaching were 127,31 %. Index of dominance was 0,335 which means no dominance seagrass in this area. The diversity index of seagrass was (H’) 1,328 which is relatively low. The distribution pattern value was 0,5, this shaved that distribution pattern. The temperature in this waters 29.75oC,  salinity 28.5 0/00, the substrate sand  muded  with good water conditions.Keywords: Seagrass; Molas; Identification; Community Structure; Importance Value Index AbstrakPenelitian tentang Struktur Komunitas lamun telah dilakukan di perairan pantai Kelurahan Molas, Kecamatan Bunaken Kota Manado, dengan tujuan: 1. Mengidentifikasi spesies lamun di perairan Molas, 2. Untuk mengetahui Struktur Komunitas Lamun 3. Mengetahui kondisi lingkungan perairan di lokasi penelitian. Lamun yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian berjumlah 5 spesies dari 2 famili, Hydrocharitaceae (Halophila ovalis, Enhalus acoroides dan Thalassia hemprichii) dan Cymodoceaceae (Cymodocea rotundata dan Syringodium isoetifolium). Indeks nilai penting lamun di perairan Molas menunjukkan bahwa jenis Syringodium isoetifolium memiliki indeks nilai penting tertinggi yang mencapai 127,31 %. Nilai indeks dominansi menunjukkan nilai 0,335 yang berarti tidak ada lamun yang dominan. Indeks keanekaragaman spesies lamun menunjukkan nilai H’ 1,328 yang tergolong rendah. Pola distribusi yang diperoleh nilai 0,5 yang menunjukkan lamun di perairan Molas memiliki pola distribusi mengelompok. Hasil pengukuran parameter lingkungan di perairan Molas yaitu: suhu 29,75 oC, salinitas 28,5 0/00, substrat pasir berlumpur dengan kondisi perairan yang cukup jernih.Kata Kunci: Lamun; Molas; Identifikasi; Struktur Komunitas; Indeks Nilai Pentin

The Inventory and Composition Studies of Seagrass in Ratatotok Waters, District of Ratatotok, Southeast Minahasa Regency

This research was carried out in the coastal waters of Ratatotok Village with the purpose of: 1. Knowing the condition of  aquatic environment at research location. 2. Identify seagrass species from Ratatotok waters. 3. To determine the composition of seagrass species which included: Species Density, Relative Density, Abundance, Relative Abundance, Domination, Relative Domination, Frequency, Relative Frequency and Important Values. 7 species from of 2 families  were found in this research  i.e. Cymodoceaceae (Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Syringodium isoetifolium, and Halodule uninervis) and Hydrocharitaceae (Enhalus acoroides, Halophila ovalis and Thalassia hemprichii). The number of seagrass stands in the research were ranged from 26-2699 individuals. Species density were found to range from to 9.51 to 987.06 / m².  Relative density were varied from 0.72 to 75.08%. Frequency of occurence were also varied from to 0.69 to 8.46. Relative frequency were ranged  from to 2,68-33.04%. Abundance were found to range from to 10.08-1046.88. Relative abundance were varied  from 0.72-75.08%. The dominance were range from to 28.89-2998.89 and relative dominance from to 0.72-75.08%. The important value of seagrass in the Ratatotok waters showed that Syringodium isoetifolium had important value reaching to 183.20 %. important values of Cymodocea rotundata and Thalassia hemprichii were 41.93 % and 26.68 % respectively .In addition,  these two species were  consisted of  relatively large individual size compared to other species.Keywords : Ratatotok, Seagrass, Important ValuesABSTRAKPenelitian ini dilakukan di Perairan Pantai Desa Ratatotok dengan tujuan untuk: 1. Mengetahui kondisi lingkungan perairan pada lokasi penelitian. 2.  Mengidentifikasi spesies lamun di Desa Ratatotok. 3. Mengetahui komposisi spesies lamun yang meliputi: Kepadatan Spesies, Kepadatan Relatif, Kelimpahan, Kelimpahan Relatif, Dominasi, Dominasi Relatif, Frekuensi, Frekuensi Relatif dan Nilai Penting. Spesies lamun yang ditemukan di lokasi penelitian berjumlah 7 spesies dari 2  family: Cymodoceaceae (Cymodocea rotundata, Cymodocea serrulata, Syringodium isoetifolium, dan Halodule uninervis) dan Hydrocharitaceae (Enhalus acoroides, Halophila ovalis dan Thalassia hemprichii). Jumlah tegakan spesies lamun di lokasi penelitian berkisar antara 26-2699 individu, kepadatan spesies 9,51-987,06/m², kepadatan relatif 0,72-75,08 %, frekuensi kehadiran 0,69-8,46, frekuensi relatif 2,68-33,04 %, kelimpahan 10,08-1046,88, kelimpahan relatif 0,72-75,08 %, dominasi 28,89-2998,89 dan dominasi relatif 0,72-75,08 %. Nilai penting lamun di perairan Desa Ratatotok menunjukkan bahwa jenis Syringodium isoetifolium memiliki nilai penting yang mencapai 183,20 %. Untuk jenis Cymodocea rotundata dan jenis Thalassia hemprichii masing-masing memiliki nilai penting yakni  41,93 % dan 26,68 %. Selain itu jumlah indvidu kedua spesies ini banyak ditemui disertai dengan ukuran individu yang relatif besar dibandingkan spesies lainnya.Kata Kunci : Ratatotok, Lamun, Nilai Pentin

Community Structure of Hard Coral (Scleractinia) in the Walenekoko Reef Flat, Pasir Panjang, Bitung City

Coral reefs are one of the potential good water resources in Indonesian marine waters. Ecologically, coral reefs can only develop in tropical climates. Hard coral is one of the important components as a constituent of coral reef ecosystems and plays an important role for marine biota. The research was conducted at the reef flat of Walenekoko Village, Pasir Panjang Village, South Lembeh District, Bitung City. The research covers the species, family and life form composition, and ecological indices (diversity, species equitability, and dominance indices). The research was carried out with an Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method. The results obtained 18 types of hard corals belonging to 5 families. Montipora samarensis was the most abundant coral in the area with 43% of the community composition. The Faviidae family and Acroporidae (33%) had the largest percentage in all transects. The form of coral growth consisted of Acropora Submassive (ACS) 53%, Coral Massive (CM) 30%, and for Acropora Branching (ACB) 16%. The highest diversity value is at point 3 of 1.64, and point 1 of 1.60, while the lowest is at point 2 of 0.56. The evenness index obtained at point 1 is 0.70, and at point 2 is 0.30. The dominance values obtained ranged from 0.25 to 0.52.Keywords: Community Structure; Hard Coral; Reef FlatAbstrakTerumbu karang merupakan salah satu potensi sumberdaya perairan yang baik di perairan laut Indonesia. Secara ekologis terumbu karang hanya dapat berkembang di wilayah beriklim tropis. Karang keras merupakan salah satu komponen penting sebagai penyusun ekosistem terumbu karang dan berperan penting bagi biota laut. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rataan terumbu Desa Walenekoko, Desa Pasir Panjang, Kecamatan Lembeh Selatan, Kota Bitung. Penelitian meliputi komposisi spesies, famili, dan bentuk kehidupan, serta indeks ekologi (keanekaragaman, keseragaman spesies, dan indeks dominasi). Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode Underwater Photo Transect (UPT). Hasil penelitian diperoleh 18 jenis karang keras yang termasuk dalam 5 famili. Montipora samarensis adalah spesies yang paling banyak ditemukan di daerah tersebut dengan persentase 43%. Famili Faviidae dan Acroporidae (33%) memiliki persentase terbesar di semua transek. Bentuk pertumbuhan karang terdiri dari: Acropora Submassive (ACS) 53%, Coral Massive (CM) 30%, dan untuk Acropora Branching (ACB) 16%. Nilai keanekaragaman tertinggi yaitu pada titik 3 sebesar 1,64, dan titik 1 sebesar 1.60, sedangkan yang termasuk rendah yaitu pada titik 2 sebesar 0,56. Indeks kemerataan diperoleh pada titik 1 sebesar 0,70, dan pada titik 2 sebesar 0.30. Nilai dominasi diperoleh berkisar antara 0.25 hingga 0.52.Kata kunci: Struktur Komunitas; Karang Keras; Rataan Terumbu

Zooplankton Community Structure in Seagrass Ecosystem, Tongkaina Village, Bunaken Darat District, Manado City

This study aims to determine the type and community structure of zooplankton in the Tongkaina seagrass aquatic ecosystem. Sampling was carried out at 3 location points using plankton nets. Plankton net was drawn along 50 meters from the sea towards the beach. There are 14 genera of zooplankton in the morning and 17 genera in the afternoon. The total density of zooplankton in the morning was 0.064 individual/l , and in the afternoon 0.114 individual/l. The highest density of zooplankton in the morning is Limacina and in the afternoon, Calanus. The zooplankton Diversity Index (H ') in the morning is 2.5907 and in the afternoon is 2.7321, indicating that the diversity level is less diverse. Morning uniformity (e) zooplankton index was 0.5614 and in the afternoon 0.5267, showed that the distribution pattern of zooplankton was moderate. The zooplankton dominance (C) index in the morning was 0.0783 and in the afternoon 0.0720. This shows that there is no dominant genus. Water conditions fall into the good category due to the temperature, salinity, and pH that are quite stable and are still within the limits of feasibility for zooplankton life.    Keywords: Zooplankton, Community Structure, Seagrass, Tongkaina Waters.Keywords: Zooplankton, Community Structure, Seagrass, Tongkaina Waters  ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan struktur komunitas zooplankton yang ada di ekosistem perairan lamun Tongkaina. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada 3 titik lokasi dengan menggunakan jaring plankton.Plankton net ditarik sepanjang 50 meter dari laut ke arah pantai. Terdapat 14 genus zooplankton pada waktu pagi dan 17 genus pada waktu sore. Kepadatan total zooplankton pada waktu pagi hari 0.064 ind/l dan sore hari 0.114 ind/l. Kepadatan relatif zooplankton yang tertinggi pada pagi hari yaitu Limacina dan pada sore hari yaitu Calanus. Adapun Indeks Keanekaragaman (H’) zooplankton pada pagi hari sebesar 2.5907 dan sore hari sebesar 2.7321, menunjukkan bahwa tingkat keanekaragaman kurang beragam. Indeks Keseragaman (e) zooplankton pada pagi hari sebesar 0.5614 dan pada sore hari 0.5267, menunjukkan bahwa pola sebaran zooplankton sedang. Indeks Dominansi (C) zooplankton pada waktu pagi hari sebesar 0.0783 dan sore hari 0.0720. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada genus yang dominan. Kondisi perairan masuk dalam kategori baik dikarenakan suhu, salinitas dan pH cukup stabil dan masih berada dalam batas kelayakan bagi kehidupan zooplankton.Kata kunci: Zooplankton, Struktur Komunitas, Lamun,  Perairan Tongkaina

KOMPOSISI TIPE NEMATOSIT KARANG SCLERACTINIA, Pocillopora sp. DARI TERUMBU KARANG PANTAI TONTAYUO, BATUDAA PANTAI, GORONTALO

The objective of this present study is to know the composition of nematocyst types from the coral Scleractinia, Pocillopora sp. The coral colonies of Pocillopora sp. were collected at Tontayuo coastal coral reefs, Batudaa Pantai, Gorontalo. This research was conducted for 3 months, from September-December 2020. The method of testing the type and composition of nematocysts was carried out using an Olympus CX41 type microscope with x100 objective lens magnification connected to a computer ST24 monitor equipped with optical view 7 application (software). Photos of Pocillopora sp. both alive and skeleton form are documented in this journal. The results of the current study showed that Pocillopora sp. has the types and composition of MpM of 91.49%, while HI is 8.51%. MpM is the dominant nematocyst in Pocillopora sp. Future research is recommended to identify this coral at the species level and to study more deeply the various coral species in the genus Pocillopora based on the types and morphology of nematocysts that are useful in the taxonomy of Scleractinia corals.Keywords: Gorontalo, HI, MpM, nematocyst, Pocillopora sp., Scleractinian cora

Composition Of Types And Distribution Of Faviidae Corals In The Bahowo Reef Fall, Tongkaina, Manado City

Coral reef is an ecosystem built by calcium-producing marine biota, especially corals. One of the reef-building corals (hermatypic) is Faviidae that is distributed in almost all territories of Indonesia. This study was carried out in the reef flat of Bahowo, Tongkaina, Manado. Data collections used the sampling method with quadrat. There were 6 genera of Faviidae recorded in this study, Favia, Favites, Goniastrea, Leptoria, Montastrea, and Platygyra with clumped distribution patterns.Keywords: hermatypic; genera; ecosystem; quadrat. AbstrakTerumbu karang merupakan ekosistem yang dibangun oleh biota laut penghasil kapur, terutama oleh hewan karang. Salah satu karang pembentuk terumbu (hermatipik) adalah karang batu Faviidae yang memiliki penyebaran hampir di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rataan terumbu Bahowo, kelurahan Tongkaina, kota Manado. Berdasarkan hasil pencatatan data dengan menggunakan metode sampling kuadrat yang kemudian diolah dan dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak (MS Excel) diperoleh 6 genera karang batu Faviidae, yaitu Favia, Favites, Goniastrea, Leptoria, Montastrea, dan Platygyra dengan pola distribusi yang mengelompok.Kata kunci: hermatipik; ekosistem; genera; kuadrat