Comparison of vitamin D levels in obese and non obese patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome in a South Indian population

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common metabolic abnormality occurring in young women of reproductive age. Low vitamin D levels were found to be associated with the development of obesity and insulin resistance in young women with PCOS. The study was conducted as a prospective observational study involving 121 women with PCOS. The diagnosis of PCOS cases were based on the revised Rotterdam consensus criteria. Vitamin D levels were compared in the obese and non obese PCOS groups and also with the controls. In the PCOS group, sixty subjects were obese with BMI of ≥25 kg/m2 and forty seven subjects were found to be non obese. In the control group, sixteen subjects were obese and sixty five subjects were non obese. The mean vitamin D level in the PCOS group was 15.45±7.88 ng/ml and in the control group was 12.83±5.76ng/ml. The mean vitamin D levels in the obese and non obese group with PCOS were 16.11±8.9ng/ml and 14.61±6.1ng/ml respectively. Majority of the patients and controls had vitamin D deficiency and there was no difference in the vitamin D levels in PCOS group and controls as well as obese and non obese groups

In-vitro corrosion studies of plasma sprayed hydroxyapatite coatings fabricated from coprecipitation synthesized powder

Plasma sprayed bioactive hydroxyapatite (HAp) implants on Ti-6Al-4V substrates have been widely used in load-bearing applications because of their biocompatibility and their intimate contact with bone. In the present study, plasma sm. The present paper discusses detailed corrosion behavior of uncoated and hydroxyapatite coated Ti-6Al-4V in simulated body fluid (Hanks` solution) condition. The HAp coated sample exhibited a smoother anodic curve when compared to uncoated substrate suggesting an improved passive nature of the coated surface. The icorr values for the uncoated and HAP coated samples were found to be 20 μA cm-2 and 14 μA cm-2 respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy studies showed that the HAp coating applied on to the Ti-6Al-4V alloy does not degrade the corrosion protection of the surface but instead offers an improvement to it.m. HAp coating was deposited on Ti-6Al-4V substrate using atmospheric air plasma spraying system. The as synthesized powder exhibited 97% crystallinity, whereas the coating exhibited a crystallinity of 76%. The coating thickness was ~100 µm and it consisted of mostly fully melted regions and unmelted/partially melted regions. The coating exhibited a surface roughness of 5.7 prayable grade hydroxyapatite powder was prepared by co-precipitation technique using mixture of precipitating agents and avoiding agglomeration process like spray drying. The powder possessed good flowability and exhibited an average agglomerated size of 8

Evaluation of CD9 Expression of Tumour Cells and Stromal Immune Cells in Breast Carcinoma by Immunohistochemistry

Introduction: Cluster of Differentiation 9 (CD9), known as Motility Related Protein (MRP-1) regulates cell adhesion, motility, migration and proliferation. Many studies have stated conflicting results on prognostic significance of invasive breast carcinomas with CD9 expression that had performed on tumour tissues. Aim: To assess the inter-relationship of CD9 expression of tumour cells and stromal immune cells in breast carcinoma with clinicopathological parameters which include age, tumour size, grade, histological type, lymph nodes, tumour staging and molecular classification. Materials and Methods: An observational prospective (July 2020 to June 2021) and retrospective (October 2019 to June 2020) study was done in 71 cases of resected primary invasive breast carcinoma over a period of one and half year at Sri Devaraj Urs Medical College, Karnataka, India. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining was done using CD9 antibody. Tumour cells (T-CD9) expression was evaluated by Immunoreactivity scoring (IS= Intensity score×Extent of staining). The stromal cells (S-CD9) expression was evaluated by percentage (%) of stromal area occupied by CD9 stained immune cells. Chi-square test was used as test of significance for qualitative data. The p-value of <0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: Out of 71 cases, T-CD9 expression was noticed in 40 (56.34%) cases and IS <4 considered as negative was observed in 31 (43.66%) cases. However there was no association with age, tumour size, grade and molecular markers for the expression of both T-CD9 and S-CD9. Human Epidermal growth factor receptor 2 neu (HER2neu) negative was associated with T-CD9 expression (p-value=0.05). Hence, CD9 can be used as prognostic marker for Her2neu negative cases. Conclusion: The CD9 expression was not significantly associated with tumour cells (T-CD9) and stromal cells (S-CD9) in breast carcinoma cases. However, it was significantly associated with Her2neu negative tumour cells. T-CD9 showed more positivity in Luminal A followed by triple negative, whereas S-CD9 showed more positivity in Luminal B. CD9 did not show association with any parameters except Her2neu negative

Supersonic testing of NAL binary pressure sensitive paint

The main objective of the present study is to subject NALPSP-02, an indigenously developed binary pressure sensitive paint, to supersonic flow conditions. An experimental study was carried out on a double-delta wing model at a free stream Mach number of 2.0 in the 0.3m trisonic wind tunnel at NAL. Pressure Sensitive Paint (PSP) technique was used to measure the pressure distribution on the lee side of the double delta wing at an incidences of 0°, 5°, 10° and 15°. The PSP results were compared against surface pressure data obtained using conventional pressure taps on the same model

Corrosion protection behaviour of silica–titania hybrid coatings embedded with silica nanoparticles

Hybrid sol-gel coatings prepared using organically modified silanes and corrosion inhibitors are used for the surface protection of metals and alloys. This paper focuses on the corrosion behaviour and compatibility of silica nanoparticles as nanocontainers in silica–titania hybrid system. The surface protection of the alloy is improved by using silica nanoparticles as nanocontainers for cerium (III) inhibitor. The hybrid coating system protected AA2024-T3 alloy effectively against corrosion when immersed in NaCl solution for prolonged hours. The barrier property of the sol-gel film was found to be reinforced due to the presence of cerium nitrate inhibitor in the silica nanoparticles

Fabrication of superhydrophobic sol–gel composite films using hydrophobically modified colloidal zinc hydroxide

A superhydrophobic sol–gel composite film was fabricated by incorporating hydrophobically modified colloidal zinc hydroxide (CZH) in sol–gel matrix. CZH was prepared by controlled precipitation and modified by treatment with stearic acid. The concentration of stearic acid and stirring time were optimized to obtain modified CZH with very high water contact angle (WCA) of 165� and sliding angle (SA) < 2�. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis has shown that the crystal structure of CZH was mainly composed of e-zinc hydroxide and the modified CZH indicated the presence of zinc stearate. The modified CZH film exhibited a microstructure which resembled clusters of interconnected rods creating roughness on the film surface. The modified CZH suspension was dispersed in an acid-catalyzed sol of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and methyltriethoxysilane (MTEOS) and spray-coated on glass slides to prepare sol–gel composite coatings. The concentration of CZH in the composite film was optimized to obtain superhydrophobic surfaces. FTIR spectrum also confirmed the presence of zinc stearate in the composite film. The method is simple and cost-effective and does not involve any expensive chemicals or equipments

Silica-alumina based sol-gel coating containing cerium oxide nanofibers as a potent alternative to conversion coating for AA2024 alloy

The current work demonstrates a study on the improved corrosion protection efficiency of a defect-free sol-gel hybrid coating consisting of cerium oxide nanofibers vis-à-vis sol-gel coating containing commercial nanosize ceria particles as corrosion inhibitors. The less researched organically modified silica-alumina (Si-Al) hybrid sol-gel coating containing cerium oxide nanofibers and commercial ceria are synthesized from 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and aluminum-tri-sec-butoxide. The sol-gel matrix containing cerium oxide nanofibers exhibiting Ce mainly in +3 oxidation state exhibits improved corrosion resistance as corroborated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The corrosion property of this sol-gel coating commensurates well with the conventional chromate conversion coating (CCC) as evidenced by the neutral salt spray test. The developed coating exhibits good compatibility with the top primer layer and thus ascertains that the developed Si-Al based sol-gel coating containing cerium oxide nanofibers is a potent alternative to conventional CCC

Enhanced microwave absorption properties of PMMA modified MnFe2O4-polyaniline nanocomposites

A manganese based spinel ferrite, chemically modified with polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and polyaniline (PANI) are synthesized and their composites are used as electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding materials. X-ray diffraction studies show that the as-prepared manganese ferrite crystallizes in a cubic spinel structure. The particles are highly agglomerated and nanocrystalline as indicated by transmission electron microscopy. Manganese exists in +2 and +4 oxidation states and Fe in +2 and +3 oxidation states. Modified manganese ferrite and polyaniline composites in different weight ratios are evaluated for their EMI shielding properties. It is observed that composites containing the PMMA modified ferrite show enhanced total shielding effectiveness (SET) compared to those containing the unmodified ferrite in the X band frequency range (8-12 GHz). The optimized ratio of the PMMA modified ferrite and PANI demonstrates SET values as high as 44 dB in the X band frequency range

Ceria nanoparticles vis-à-vis cerium nitrate as corrosion inhibitors for silica-alumina hybrid sol-gel coating

The present work provides a comparative study on the corrosion protection efficiency of defect free sol-gel hybrid coating containing ceria nanoparticles and cerium nitrate ions as corrosion inhibitors. Less explored organically modified alumina-silica hybrid sol-gel coatings are synthesized from 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane and aluminium-tri-sec-butoxide. The microemulsion derived nanoparticles and the hybrid coatings are characterized and compared with coatings containing cerium nitrate. Corrosion inhibiting capability is assessed using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Scanning Kelvin probe measurements are also conducted on the coatings for identifying the apparent corrosion prone regions. Detailed X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis is carried out to comprehend the bonding and corrosion protection rendered by the hybrid coatings