DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF FLASH ADC ARCHITECTURE WITH DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER AS COMPARATOR USING CUSTOM DESIGN APPROACH

Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) are useful building blocks in many applications such as a data storage read channel and an optical receiver because they represent the interface between the real world analog signal and the digital signal processors. Many implementations have been reported in the literature in order to obtain high-speed analog-todigital converters (ADCs). In this paper an effort is made to design 4-bit Flash Analog to Digital Converter [ADC] using 180nm cmos technology. For high-speed applications, a flash ADC is often used. Resolution, speed, and power consumption are the three key parameters for an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The integrated flash ADC is operated at 4-bit precision with analog input voltage of 0 to 1.8V. The ADC has been designed, implemented & analysed in standard gpdk180nm technology library using Cadence tool

Thermal spray coatings on high-temperature oxidation and corrosion applications – a comprehensive review

In high-temperature boiler operations, conventional steels and alloys grapple with the formidable challenges posed by oxidation and corrosion. Prolonged exposure to extreme thermal conditions exacerbates these issues, progressively diminishing operational efficiency. Surface treatment emerges as a pivotal strategy for safeguarding materials against deterioration while optimizing component performance cost-effectively. Recent attention has honed on surface coatings as a means to combat hot corrosion in boiler steels. Thermal coating, electroplating, and other metallurgical techniques are widely embraced for surface modification, with composite coatings gaining traction for bolstering metallurgical, mechanical, and corrosion resistance properties. This review, unlike any other, takes a comprehensive approach to exploring various thermal spraying methods and their applications, ensuring a robust understanding of the subject matter. Beyond a mere compilation of existing literature, this review identifies emerging trends and technologies, offering fresh insights and interpretations. In this work, 84 articles were critically evaluated for current research, discerning strengths, weaknesses, and avenues for future research on thermal spray coatings on high-temperature oxidation and corrosion. This incisive approach promises to enrich the knowledge base of researchers, scholars, and professionals in materials science, metallurgy, and industrial engineering, facilitating advancements in the field. By pinpointing research gaps in thermal spray coating, this study directs attention toward areas ripe for further investigation, fostering continued innovation and progress. © 2024 The Author

DESIGN, IMPLEMENTATION AND ANALYSIS OF FLASH ADC ARCHITECTURE WITH DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER AS COMPARATOR USING CUSTOM DESIGN APPROACH

Analog-to-Digital Converters (ADCs) are useful building blocks in many applications such as a data storage read channel and an optical receiver because they represent the interface between the real world analog signal and the digital signal processors. Many implementations have been reported in the literature in order to obtain high-speed analog-todigital converters (ADCs). In this paper an effort is made to design 4-bit Flash Analog to Digital Converter [ADC] using 180nm cmos technology. For high-speed applications, a flash ADC is often used. Resolution, speed, and power consumption are the three key parameters for an Analog-to-Digital Converter (ADC). The integrated flash ADC is operated at 4-bit precision with analog input voltage of 0 to 1.8V. The ADC has been designed, implemented &amp; analysed in standard gpdk180nm technology library using Cadence tool.</jats:p

Assessment of the microstructure, adhesion and elevated temperature erosion resistance of plasma-sprayed NiCrAlY/cr3C2/h-bn composite coating

This study uses an air jet erosion tester to investigate the erosion behavior of NiCrAlY/Cr3C2/h-BN composite coatings that are plasma-sprayed at three different temperatures and 40 m/s on T22 boiler steel alloy. 30 and 90° are the impingement angles. To identify the erosion mechanism, SEM and X-ray diffraction techniques are used to analyze the surface morphology and phase generated on the eroded surface. Findings of erosion test indicate that the erosion resistance was notably enhanced by addition of Cr3C2 and h-BN because of its lubricating characteristics and capacity to reduce frictional forces during erosion. The combined influence of Cr3C2 and h-BN enhanced the coating hardness and erosion wear resistance, thereby improving its overall resistance to erosion. The weight loss method was employed to calculate the erosion rate, and the NiCrAlY/Cr3C2/h-BN coating showed up to 30.55% and 34.48% lower erosion rate as compared to uncoated T22 substrate at 600 °C for 30° and 90° impact angles, respectively. This characteristic is affected by the hard reinforcement Cr3C2's high-temperature stability, the h-BN's self-lubricating ability, the formation of a protective oxide layer that forms at 600 °C, and the eroded coating's ductile behavior of material removal. The study also reveals that the NiCrAlY/Cr3C2/h-BN coating system on T22 boiler steel alloy has excellent erosion resistance, making it suitable for use in high-temperature and erosive environments in boiler systems and similar industries