Effect of atorvastatin and rosuvastatin on glucose intolerance in low dose streptozotocin induced hyperglycemic Albino rats

Background: Dyslipidemia and glucose intolerance are closely associated with each other especially as a part of metabolic syndrome. Statins are the drug of choice for treatment of dyslipidemia and for primary prevention of coronary heart disease in diabetics. Recent studies indicate risk of new onset diabetes in patients receiving statins. Hence it was worthwhile to study the effect of two most commonly used statins, which differ in their lipophilicity, on glucose tolerance in prediabetic animal model.Methods: The study consisted of 3 groups with 6 wistar rats in each and hyperglycemia was induced by intraperitoneal injection of low dose (25mg/kg) streptozotocin. Group 1 served as control, group 2 and 3 were given Atorvastatin and Rosuvastatin respectively for 8 weeks. Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) was performed at 0,1 and 2 hrs after glucose load on days 0, 14, 28, 42 and 56 days.Results: Starting from 28th day onwards both the treatment groups showed progressive worsening of glucose tolerance throughout the study period in comparison to the control. The impairing effect on glucose tolerance was less pronounced in Rosuvastatin group as compared to Atorvastatin.Conclusions: Hydrophilic Rosuvastatin showing less impairing effect on glucose tolerance can be a rational choice than lipophilic Atorvastatin for prevention and control of dyslipidemia in patients at risk of developing frank diabetes or having impaired glucose tolerance

A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF STRESS AMONG UNDERGRADUATE MEDICAL STUDENTS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING INSTITUTE, JHARKHAND.

Background Medical students are more exposed to stressful situations due to their academic pressure, difficult learning environment, and challenging competency-based medical education design that does not provide enough time for their personal life events. So, chronic stress among medical students results in depression, substance abuse, and even suicide. This study aims to determine the prevalence of stress among undergraduate medical students of RIMS, Ranchi, Jharkhand, India. Methodology  This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 258 undergraduate medical students of RIMS, Ranchi from January 2022 to December 2022. Perceived Stress Scale-10 was used to evaluate the degree of stress among undergraduate medical students. Data obtained was analyzed using MS Excel and SSS based on SPSS and Minitab (2018).  Results A total of 258 undergraduate medical students participated in the study of which 41.4% were male and 58.52% were female. Although a moderate stress rate of 68.9% was registered in most participants, 22.48% were affected by high stress. Participants in the 4th professional MBBS are more likely to experience high stress (45.06%) as compared to students in the 2nd professional MBBS, 1st professional MBBS, and 3rd professional MBBS respectively. The difference in stress severity was statistically significant at p <0.05. Conclusion Most undergraduate medical students (68.99%) have moderate stress. Female (29.8%) are more likely to have high stress. The final professional MBBS students (44.06%) have more high stress.  Recommendation Counseling services to medical college students are strongly recommended to address the stress

Prescription audit of online booked outpatients for department of medicine and dermatology in a tertiary care hospital: a comparative observational study

Background: A regular and effective prescription audit is a key tool to ensure rational use of drugs and to assess drug utilization in the health care system. This study is first of its kind, in Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Ranchi, highlighting comparative assessment of prescriptions of online booked appointments in department of medicine and dermatology via online registration system (ORS) using WHO prescribing indicators. This ORS is an integral part under Digital India Initiative.Methods: This was a comparative, observational study conducted in Department of Pharmacology of RIMS, Ranchi. The study period was 6 months from 1 March 2019 to 31 August 2019. Prescriptions details of outpatient department (OPD) patients were collected from the government authorized pharmacy facility “Dawai Dost “at RIMS. 75 prescriptions from each of the departments were analyzed.Results: 75 prescriptions from patients who attended medicine and dermatology outpatient department (OPD) during the study period, after registering appointment via ORS, was collected and comparative assessment was done. This audit highlights important correctable parameters although legibility was not the major concern. Adherence to National List of Essential Medicines (NLEM) was 45% and 49% for department of medicine and dermatology respectively.Conclusions: The prescription audit process should be done regularly to assess ORS prescription to ensure high quality rational prescribing and support Digital India initiative. Adherence to NLEM of India should be 100%. The latest NLEM of India should be provided to the concerned departments and feedback should be provided to the physicians.

Bilateral angioedema of eye with single dose of cetirizine

The H1-antihistamine cetirizine is considered to be one of the safest drugs with well-established safety and efficacy. Very rarely cetirizine can cause adverse drug reaction in the form of dose-dependent somnolence, dizziness, or fatigue. We report a case of 27-year-old female patient with isolated angioedema on both the eye due to the administration of single dose of cetirizine 10 mg for hemorroids with pruritus ani. The mechanism of reaction remains unclear

Effect of amlodipine on blood glucose level in euglycemic and streptozotocin induced diabetic Albino rats and its pharmacodynamic interaction with glibenclamide

Background: Diabetes is one of the largest global health emergencies of the 21st century and its co-existence with hypertension is frequent. These conditions often require polypharmacy with possible risk of drug interaction. This study is conducted to investigate the effect of amlodipine on blood glucose level in euglycemic and diabetic rats and its pharmacodynamic interaction with glibenclamide.Methods: Rats were divided into six groups of 6 rats in each group. Group 1 and 3 were non-diabetic given 1% Gum acacia and amlodipine respectively. Group 2, 4, 5 and 6 were made diabetic by using nicotinamide and streptozotocin injection intra peritoneally and given 1% Gum acacia, glibenclamide, amlodipine and amlodipine + glibenclamide respectively for the period of 28 days. Fasting Blood Glucose (FBG) levels were measured before induction of diabetes, 72 hrs after the induction, on day 0, 7th, 14th, 21st and 28th day.Results: Amlodipine produced no significant effect on FBG level in non-diabetic rats but in diabetic rats statistically significant hyperglycemia were observed on day 21st and 28th of study with the ‘p’ value (<0.05). Glibenclamide treated rats shows better controlled FBG level throughout study than concomitant administration of glibenclamide with amlodipine. Significant rise in blood FBG level with ‘P’ value (<0.05) were observed in amlodipine + glibenclamide treated group on 21st and 28th day of study.Conclusions: This study suggest amlodipine produce no effect on the FBG level of normal rats but causes significant hyperglycemia in diabetic rats. Hypoglycemic effect of glibenclamide gets blunted when co-administered with amlodipine

A comparative study of antinociceptive effect of paroxetine with pethidine in acute pain in albino rats

Background: Pain is the most common reason patients seek medical care. Increased level of monoamines (serotonin and norepinephrine) in synaptic clefts lead to changes in pain threshold and induce antinociception. The study was carried out to evaluate antinociceptive effect of paroxetine in albino rats and to probe into its possible mechanism of action. The study was carried out to evaluate anti-nociceptive effect of paroxetine in albino rats.Methods: Male Albino rats of average weight 150-240gms were used. The drugs used were paroxetine 5mg/Kg, pethidine 5mg/kg (standard drug). Anti-nociceptive effect tested by using thermal method i.e. Tail flick response and Tail warm water immersion method.Results: In this study, Anti-nociceptive effect of respective drugs were measured by using two methods i.e. tail flick test and tail warm water immersion method at 0 min., 30 min., 60 min. and 90min.after administration of drugs. Reaction time started to increase from baseline at 0 min. and peak effect was seen at 60 min. then it started to decrease at 90 min. in almost all the groups except in control group.Conclusions: Paroxetine have significant analgesic effect in acute pain, which may be mediated via central and peripheral mechanisms. Efficacy of Paroxetine is almost equal to that of standard drug pethidine in acute pain management

HERBAL DRUG-INDUCED ADVERSE DRUG REACTION: A CASE REPORT

  The present study done to focus many adverse drug reactions unrecorded with either patients failing to present to health services due to herbal medicine or no pharmacovigilance analysis is being made. In this case, a 55-year-old female patient with 41 kg weight, she received herbal treatment for gastritis and menstrual disturbance since November 2015. After administration of drug, she suddenly developed 23 small vesicles over neck and upper chest. Few vesicles ruptured over 4–5 days and few gradually increased in size to form bulla. The use of herbal drug has increased tremendously across the world in recent times. Hence, it has become important for pharmacovigilance of herbal drugs and adverse effect issues for the consumers and health-care professionals as it is complex to analyze these products than the conventional pharmaceuticals. Safe†and natural†cannot be used anonymously. Sufficient adverse drug monitoring of herbal drugs is as important as any other formularies