Semiorthogonal spline wavelets approximation for Fredholm integro-differential equations

A method for solving the nonlinear second-order Fredholm integro-differential equations is presented. The approach is based on a compactly supported linear semiorthogonal B-spline wavelets. The operational matrices of derivative for B-spline scaling functions and wavelets are presented and utilized to reduce the solution of Fredholm integro-differential to the solution of algebraic equations. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the validity and applicability of the technique

Dog bite prevention:Effect of a short educational intervention for preschool children

This study aimed to investigate whether preschool children can learn how to interpret dogs' behaviours, with the purpose of helping avoid dog bites. Three- to five-year-old children (N = 70) were tested on their ability to answer questions about dogs' emotional states before and after participating in either an educational intervention about dog behaviour (intervention group) or an activity about wild animals (control group). Children who had received training about dog behaviour (intervention group) were significantly better at judging the dogs' emotional states after the intervention compared to before. The frequency with which they referred to relevant behaviours in justifying their judgements also increased significantly. In contrast, the control group's performance did not differ significantly between the two testing times. These results indicate that preschool children can be taught how to correctly interpret dogs' behaviours. This implies that incorporating such training into prevention programmes may contribute to reducing dog bite incidents

Solution of nonlinear Fredholm-Hammerstein integral equations by using semiorthogonal spline wavelets

<p>Compactly supported linear semiorthogonal B-spline wavelets together with their dual wavelets are developed to approximate the solutions of nonlinear Fredholm-Hammerstein integral equations. Properties of these wavelets are first presented; these properties are then utilized to reduce the computation of integral equations to some algebraic equations. The method is computationally attractive, and applications are demonstrated through an illustrative example.</p

Interpretation of dog behavior by children and young adults

This study investigates people's ability to interpret dog behavior. Inability to interpret dog behavior correctly may be a factor contributing to young children's higher likelihood of being bitten by dogs. Children (4- to 10-year-olds) and adults (total n = 550) watched videos of dogs displaying friendly, aggressive, and fearful behavior. They were asked to interpret the dogs' behaviors and to describe which features they had attended to in making their decision. Four- and 6-year-old children were unable to identify fearful dogs, while participants in all age groups were capable of identifying friendly and aggressive behavior (p &lt; 0.001). Misinterpretations of fearful behavior were significantly associated with reports of attending to the dog's face rather than other features (�2 = 80.2, df = 1, p &lt; 0.001). Four-year-olds were particularly likely to report looking at the dog's face and together with 6-year-olds they focused more on one feature rather than multiple features in order to make their decisions. The results show that younger children are less good at interpreting dog behavior, and that they are particularly poor at recognizing fear in dogs, while aggression is the most readily recognized behavior. Children's lower ability to interpret dog behavior seems to be due to the features they focus on. Younger children appear to focus on the dogs' most salient features and not the features that would allow them to correctly interpret the dogs' behavior. For example, 4- and 6-year-olds tended to report attending to the fearful dog's face rather than its tail and general posture. The results suggest it would be beneficial to include information about how to interpret dog behavior in dog-bite prevention programs. © ISAZ 2014