Variations génétiques de la fertilité des brebis mérinos d'arles

International audienc

Surprolificité des génotypes sans cornes dans les races caprines alpine saanen, alpine chamoisée et poitevine

International audienc

Distinction phénotypique des caprins homo-et hétérozygotes sans cornes

International audienc

Fetal Brain Biometric Measurements on 3D Super-Resolution Reconstructed T2-Weighted MRI: An Intra- and Inter-observer Agreement Study.

We present the comparison of two-dimensional (2D) fetal brain biometry on magnetic resonance (MR) images using orthogonal 2D T2-weighted sequences (T2WSs) vs. one 3D super-resolution (SR) reconstructed volume and evaluation of the level of confidence and concordance between an experienced pediatric radiologist (obs1) and a junior radiologist (obs2). Twenty-five normal fetal brain MRI scans (18-34 weeks of gestation) including orthogonal 3-mm-thick T2WSs were analyzed retrospectively. One 3D SR volume was reconstructed per subject based on multiple series of T2WSs. The two observers performed 11 2D biometric measurements (specifying their level of confidence) on T2WS and SR volumes. Measurements were compared using the paired Wilcoxon rank sum test between observers for each dataset (T2WS and SR) and between T2WS and SR for each observer. Bland-Altman plots were used to assess the agreement between each pair of measurements. Measurements were made with low confidence in three subjects by obs1 and in 11 subjects by obs2 (mostly concerning the length of the corpus callosum on T2WS). Inter-rater intra-dataset comparisons showed no significant difference (p > 0.05), except for brain axial biparietal diameter (BIP) on T2WS and for brain and skull coronal BIP and coronal transverse cerebellar diameter (DTC) on SR. None of them remained significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Inter-dataset intra-rater comparisons showed statistical differences in brain axial and coronal BIP for both observers, skull coronal BIP for obs1, and axial and coronal DTC for obs2. After correction for multiple comparisons, only axial brain BIP remained significantly different, but differences were small (2.95 ± 1.73 mm). SR allows similar fetal brain biometry as compared to using the conventional T2WS while improving the level of confidence in the measurements and using a single reconstructed volume

Dietary glycaemic index, glycaemic load and breast cancer risk: a systematic review and meta-analysis

This systematic review aimed to examine if an association exists between dietary glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic load (GL) intake and breast cancer risk. A systematic search was conducted in Medline and Embase and identified 14 relevant studies up to May 2008. Adjusted relative risk estimates comparing breast cancer risk for the highest versus the lowest category of GI/GL intake were extracted from relevant studies and combined in meta-analyses using a random-effects model. Combined estimates from six cohort studies show non-significant increased breast cancer risks for premenopausal women (relative risk (RR) 1.14, 95% CI 0.95–1.38) and postmenopausal women (RR 1.11, 95% CI 0.99–1.25) consuming the highest versus the lowest category of GI intake. Evidence of heterogeneity hindered analyses of GL and premenopausal risk, although most studies did not observe any significant association. Pooled cohort study results indicated no association between postmenopausal risk and GL intake (RR 1.03, 95% CI 0.94–1.12). Our findings do not provide strong support of an association between dietary GI and GL and breast cancer risk

Dietary intake of folate, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, genetic polymorphism of related enzymes, and risk of breast cancer: a case-control study in Brazilian women

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Several studies have determined that dietary intake of B vitamins may be associated with breast cancer risk as a result of interactions between <it>5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) </it>and <it>methionine synthase </it>(<it>MTR</it>) in the one-carbon metabolism pathway. However, the association between B vitamin intake and breast cancer risk in Brazilian women in particular has not yet been investigated.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A case-control study was conducted in São Paulo, Brazil, with 458 age-matched pairs of Brazilian women. Energy-adjusted intakes of folate, vitamin B₆, and vitamin B₁₂were derived from a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Genotyping was completed for <it>MTHFR </it>A1298C and C677T, and <it>MTR </it>A2756G polymorphisms. A logistical regression model was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs).</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Neither dietary intake of folate, vitamin B₆, or vitamin B₁₂nor <it>MTHFR </it>polymorphisms were independently associated with breast cancer risk. Analysis stratified by menopausal status showed a significant association between placement in the highest tertile of folate intake and risk of breast cancer in premenopausal women (OR = 2.17, 95% CI: 1.23–3.83; <it>P</it>_{<it>trend </it>}= 0.010). The <it>MTR </it>2756GG genotype was associated with a higher risk of breast cancer than the 2756AA genotype (OR = 1.99, 95% CI = 1.01–3.92; <it>P</it>_{<it>trend </it>}= 0.801), and statistically significant interactions with regard to risk were observed between the <it>MTHFR </it>A1298C polymorphism and folate (P = 0.024) or vitamin B₆(P = 0.043), and between the <it>MTHFR </it>C677T polymorphism and folate (P = 0.043) or vitamin B₁₂(P = 0.022).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p><it>MTHFR </it>polymorphisms and dietary intake of folate, vitamin B₆, and vitamin B₁₂had no overall association with breast cancer risk. However, increased risk was observed in total women with the <it>MTR </it>2756GG genotype and in premenopausal women with high folate intake. These findings, as well as significant interactions between <it>MTHFR </it>polymorphisms and B vitamins, warrant further investigation.</p