Contribuição à Delimitação das Sub-Regiões de Miranda-Abobral e Aquidauana do Pantanal

Levando-se em consideração a inconsistência trazida na literatura a respeito da delimitação das sub-regiões do Pantanal e ainda a premissa de que para conservar é preciso conhecer, o presente trabalho objetivou contribuir para a delimitação dos Pantanais de Miranda-Abobral e Aquidauana. Para isso, foram utilizados diferentes conjuntos de dados, como fotolineamentos estruturais extraídos de imagens Landsat, imagens multiespectrais (também Landsat) e a malha hidrográfica (obtida do modelo digital de elevação SRTM). Por meio da análise dos lineamentos e da hidrografia sobrepostos às imagens multiespectrais, foram traçados os limites dos Pantanais de Miranda-Abobral e Aquidauana. Ao se analisar os lineamentos e a hidrografia, pode-se afirmar que os padrões estruturais presentes nos Pantanais de MirandaAbobral e Aquidauana condicionam a hidrografia, a qual por sua vez determina a estrutura da paisagem, influenciando na distribuição da cheia na região e assim condicionando fortemente a distribuição da fauna e flora

Geotechnology Applied to the Environmental Analysis of the Olho d’Água River Watershed, Municipality of Jardim, Mato Grosso do Sul - Brazil

The preservation of natural resources is essential to the balance of Environmental systems. Water is an indispensable natural resource for life. In order to implement the environmental management of this resource, the National Water Resources Policy was created based on some principles, such as the adoption of the watershed as a planning unit. The use of geotechnologies constitutes an important tool for this work, since it allows evaluating the area to be studied, to visualize the situation of the vegetation cover and the soil, besides attaching them to georeferenced databases. The objective of this work is the environmental analysis of the Olho D’Água River Watershed, located in the Municipality of Jardim, State of Mato Grosso do Sul. For the delimitation of this watershed, SRTM data were used and with the objective of evaluating the quality of the coverage of this area, the NDVI was calculated based on the scenes of Landstat TM sensor. Subsequently, the classes of Permanent Preservation Area were analyzed. It was concluded that the conservation status of Permanent Preservation Area is in compliance with environmental legislation, fulfilling its role in maintaining biodiversity and the quality of water resources. The use of geotechnologies allowed the integration of various levels of information, generating maps, characterizing the environment and producing information that helps in the planning and management of Cabeceira do Prata Farm

Detection of Helicobacter pylori resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones in Brazil : a national survey

AIM To evaluate bacterial resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones in Brazil using molecular methods. METHODS The primary antibiotic resistance rates of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) were determined from November 2012 to March 2015 in the Southern, South-Eastern, Northern, North-Eastern, and Central-Western regions of Brazil. Four hundred ninety H. pylori patients [66% female, mean age 43 years (range: 18-79)] who had never been previously treated for this infection were enrolled. All patients underwent gastroscopy with antrum and corpus biopsies and molecular testing using GenoType HelicoDR (Hain Life Science, Germany). This test was performed to detect the presence of H. pylori and to identify point mutations in the genes responsible for clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistance. The molecular procedure was divided into three steps: DNA extraction from the biopsies, multiplex amplification, and reverse hybridization. RESULTS Clarithromycin resistance was found in 83 (16.9%) patients, and fluoroquinolone resistance was found in 66 (13.5%) patients. There was no statistical difference in resistance to either clarithromycin or fluoroquinolones (p = 0.55 and p = 0.06, respectively) among the different regions of Brazil. Dual resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones was found in 4.3% (21/490) of patients. The A2147G mutation was present in 90.4% (75/83), A2146G in 16.9% (14/83) and A2146C in 3.6% (3/83) of clarithromycin-resistant patients. In 10.8% (9/83) of clarithromycin-resistant samples, more than 01 mutation in the 23S rRNA gene was noticed. In fluoroquinolone-resistant samples, 37.9% (25/66) showed mutations not specified by the GenoType HelicoDR test. D91N mutation was observed in 34.8% (23/66), D91G in 18.1% (12/66), N87K in 16.6% (11/66) and D91Y in 13.6% (9/66) of cases. Among fluoroquinolone-resistant samples, 37.9% (25/66) showed mutations not specified by the GenoType HelicoDR test. CONCLUSION The H. pylori clarithromycin resis­tance rate in Brazil is at the borderline (15%-20%) for applying the standard triple therapy. The fluoroqui­nolone resistance rate (13.5%) is equally concerning