Correction to: Dimensions of leisure-time physical activity and risk of depression in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) prospective cohort

After publication of our article [1] we have been notified that Table 2 was incorrectly formatte

Lifestyles and the risk of depression in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” cohort

Background: Lifestyles are involved in the pathogenesis of depression and many of these factors can be modified for the potential prevention of depression. Our aim was to assess the association between a healthy-lifestyle score, that includes some less-studied lifestyle indicators, and the risk of depression. Methods: We followed 14,908 participants initially free of any history of depression in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) cohort. Information was collected biennially from 1999 to December 2016. We calculated a healthy-lifestyle score (0–10 points), previously associated with cardioprotection, by giving one point to each of the following components: never smoking, physical activity (> 20 METs-h/ week), Mediterranean diet adherence ( 4 points), healthy body mass index ( 22 kg/m2 ), moderate alcohol consumption (women 0.1–5 g/d; men 0.1–10 g/d of ethanol), avoidance of binge drinking (never more than 5 alcoholic drinks in a row), low television exposure ( 2 h/d), short afternoon nap ( 30 min/ day), time spent with friends (>1 h/d) and working at least 40 h/week. Results: During a median follow-up of 10.4 years, we observed 774 new cases of major depression among participants initially free of depression. The highest category (8–10 factors) showed a significant inverse association with a 32% relative risk reduction for depression compared to the lowest category (0–3 factors) (multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio: 0.68; 95% CI:0.49-0.95) (p for trend = 0.010). Conclusions: Adopting a healthy-lifestyle was associated with a lower risk of incident depression in the SUN cohort. This index, including ten simple healthy lifestyle habits, may be useful for a more integrative approach to depression prevention

Correction to: Dimensions of leisure-time physical activity and risk of depression in the “Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra” (SUN) prospective cohort

After publication of our article [1] we have been notified that Table 2 was incorrectly formatte

Ultra‐processed food consumption and the incidence of depression in a Mediterranean cohort: the SUN Project

Purpose A growing body of evidence shows that consumption of ultra-processed foods (UPF) is associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases, which, in turn, have been linked to depression. This suggests that UPF might also be asso- ciated with depression, which is among the global leading causes of disability and disease. We prospectively evaluated the relationship between UPF consumption and the risk of depression in a Mediterranean cohort. Methods We included 14,907 Spanish university graduates [mean (SD) age: 36.7 year (11.7)] initially free of depression who were followed up for a median of 10.3 years. Consumption of UPF (industrial formulations made mostly or entirely from substances derived from foods and additives, with little, if any, intact food), as defned by the NOVA food classifcation system, was assessed at baseline through a validated semi-quantitative 136-item food-frequency questionnaire. Participants were classifed as incident cases of depression if they reported a medical diagnosis of depression or the habitual use of antidepressant medication in at least one of the follow-up assessments conducted after the frst 2 years of follow-up. Cox regression models were used to assess the relationship between UPF consumption and depression incidence. Results A total of 774 incident cases of depression were identifed during follow-up. Participants in the highest quartile of UPF consumption had a higher risk of developing depression [HR (95% CI) 1.33 (1.07–1.64); p trend=0.004] than those in the lowest quartile after adjusting for potential confounders. Conclusions In a prospective cohort of Spanish university graduates, we found a positive association between UPF consump- tion and the risk of depression that was strongest among participants with low levels of physical activity

Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, aspirin and the risk of depression: The "Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN)" cohort.

Background: The potential effect of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) to prevent depression remains largely unknown, in spite of the implication of inflammation in depression. This study aimed to investigate whether the habitual intake of aspirin and other NSAIDs was prospectively associated with a reduction in the observed incidence of depression. Methods: A dynamic cohort including 22,564 Spanish university graduates (mean age: 37 years) initially free of depression was followed during an average of 8.7 years. Exposure to NSAIDs was assessed with specific repeated questionnaires throughout follow-up, starting in the 2-year follow-up questionnaire. Incident cases of depression were defined as either a new validated medical diagnosis of depression or reporting the initiation of habitual use of antidepressants. Results: We identified 772 incident cases of depression. Regular intake of aspirin and other NSAIDs was not associated with depression risk. Only in secondary sensitivity analyses using a definition of the outcome with higher specificity (a validated medical diagnosis of depression), an inverse association of aspirin with depression was found [HR (95%CI): 0.20 (0.04–0.87)]. However, these results were non-significant after adjustment for multiple testing. Limitations: A possible underestimation of incident depression and a limited ability to detect all possible residual confounding. Conclusions: Regular use of NSAIDs was not associated with the incidence of depression. Further longitudinal controlled studies are necessary to clarify a potential role of aspirin use in depression risk