Lectures on elementary mathematics,

"A translation of the Leçons élémentaires sur les mathématiques of Joseph Louis Lagrange ... a series of lectures delivered in the year 1795 at the École normale."--Pref.Mode of access: Internet

Abhandlungen über variations-rechnung ...

J. Zur theorie der variations-rechnung und der differential-gleichungen. [Crelle's journal, bd. 17, 1837]1 th. Bernoulli, Johann. I. Einladung zur lösung eines neuen problems [Problema pure geometricum, Acta eruditorum, 1696] II. Ankündigung (Mechanisch-geometrisches problem über die linie des schnellsten falles, Programm) hrsg. Gröningen, 1697. III. Die krümmung eines lichtstrahls in ungleichförmigen medien und die lösung des problems die brachistochrone zu finden [Acta eruditorum, 1697] Bernoulli, Jacob. Lösung der aufgaben meines bruders, dem ich dafür andere vorlege [Acta eruditorum, 1697] Euler, L. Methode curven zu finden, denen eine eigenschaft im höchsten oder geringsten grade zukommt. [Lausanne und Genf, 1744]--2. th. Lagrange, [J. L.] I. Versuch einer neuen methode um die maxima und minima unbestimmter integralformein zu bestimmen [Miscel. taurinensia, t. II, 1762] II. Ueber die methode der variationen [Miscel. taurinensia, t. IV, 1770] Legendre, [A. M.] Abhandlung über die unterscheidung der maxima und minima in der variations-rechnung [Paris, Mém. Acad. sci. année 1786] Jacobi, C. G.Mode of access: Internet

Lavoisier manuscript collection.

The Lavoisier manuscript collection (1766-1834) contains materials by, to or about Antoine Laurent Lavoisier and his wife, Marie-Anne-Pierrette Lavoisier, including material on their scientific work, correspondence, manuscripts, certificates, deeds, contracts, plates for publications, maps and drawings, memorabilia and artifacts. Letters include correspondence with the Académie des Sciences, Jean Sylvain Bailly, François Baudon, Anne-Margueritte-Charlotte Baudon, Antoine Baumé, Claude-Louis Berthollet, Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal, Joseph Black, Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau, Auguste Denis Fougeroux de Bondaroy, Antoine-François de Fourcroy, Benjamin Franklin (photocopy of one letter), Jean-Antoine Lavoisier, Joseph Louis Lagrange, Marie-Anne-Pierrette Lavoisier, Gaspard Monge, Jacques Paulze, and the Régie des Poudres et Salpêtres. Other documents relate to Benoist LaForte, the Ferme Générale, the Académie des Sciences, Mathurin-Jacques Brisson, Joseph Priestley, the Régie des Poudres et Salpêtres, and other aspects of Lavoisier's life and work and those of his associates.Antoine Laurent Lavoisie (born 1743) and his wife, Marie-Anne-Pierrette Lavoisier (born 1758) were both French chemists. The Lavoisier manuscript collection (1766-1834) contains materials by, to or about Antoine and Marie, including material on their scientific work, correspondence, manuscripts, certificates, deeds, contracts, plates for publications, maps and drawings, memorabilia and artifacts.Physical Description note: Manuscripts, drawings, prints, artifacts.The Lavoisier manuscript collection (1766-1834) contains materials by, to or about Antoine Laurent Lavoisier and his wife, Marie-Anne-Pierrette Lavoisier, including material on their scientific work, correspondence, manuscripts, certificates, deeds, contracts, plates for publications, maps and drawings, memorabilia and artifacts. Letters include correspondence with the Académie des Sciences, Jean Sylvain Bailly, François Baudon, Anne-Margueritte-Charlotte Baudon, Antoine Baumé, Claude-Louis Berthollet, Jean-Antoine-Claude Chaptal, Joseph Black, Henri Louis Duhamel du Monceau, Auguste Denis Fougeroux de Bondaroy, Antoine-François de Fourcroy, Benjamin Franklin (photocopy of one letter), Jean-Antoine Lavoisier, Joseph Louis Lagrange, Marie-Anne-Pierrette Lavoisier, Gaspard Monge, Jacques Paulze, and the Régie des Poudres et Salpêtres. Other documents relate to Benoist LaForte, the Ferme Générale, the Académie des Sciences, Mathurin-Jacques Brisson, Joseph Priestley, the Régie des Poudres et Salpêtres, and other aspects of Lavoisier's life and work and those of his associates.Antoine Laurent Lavoisie (born 1743) and his wife, Marie-Anne-Pierrette Lavoisier (born 1758) were both French chemists. The Lavoisier manuscript collection (1766-1834) contains materials by, to or about Antoine and Marie, including material on their scientific work, correspondence, manuscripts, certificates, deeds, contracts, plates for publications, maps and drawings, memorabilia and artifacts.Lavoisier Manuscripts and Graphics Collection, #4712. Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections, Cornell University Library.Mode of access: Internet.After Antoine Laurent Lavoisier's death, his properties were consficated by the State. In 1795, after a campaign, Marie-Anne Lavoisier obtained the restoration of her property. In the same time, she published an edition of Lavoisier's works. In 1805, she married an American scientist, Benjamin Thomson, who had become Count Rumford in 1791.In 1789, Lavoisier failed to be elected at the Estates General, and steered clear of political affairs. He resigned from his office at the Ferme Générale shortly before its abolition in 1791, but was considered as an consultant in financial affairs and became the director of the Discount Bank, and a commissioner of the Public Treasury, and expressed many ideas about the reforms of French public finance and taxation. At the same time, he took part to the major reform of the unification of the weights and measures system. But, as a former Fermier Général and like his peers, among them his father-in-law, Jacques Paulze, he was arrested in 1794. They were accused of exactions and embezzlement and transferred to the Conciergerie. On the 19 floréal an II (May 8, 1794), they were all sentenced to death and executed.Simultaneously, from 1772, Lavoisier studied pneumatic chemistry, the chemistry of gases, borrowing experimental facts from English scientists, like Priestley. In 1773, he published the Opuscules physiques et chimiques , where he considered atmospheric air as a mixture, that established his reputation as a chemist. In the 1770's, he discovered that the components of air were mainly oxygen and nitrogen, and defined combustion and calcination as chemical reactions. Then, with Guyton de Morveau, Berthollet and Fourcroy he elaborated a new method of chemical nomenclature, giving chemistry a clear language, published in 1787 under the title of Méthode de nomenclature chimique . At least, in 1789, his Traité élémentaire de chimie explained the essential points of the new chemistry, like the composition of air and water and the law of the conservation of matter in chemical reactions, and depicted the experimental methods of a real scientific approach. The thirteen plates illustrating the work had been engraved by Marie-Anne LavoisierIn 1768, he was admitted to the Académie des Sciences, where he presented his research on the chemical analysis of water. The same year, he entered the Ferme Générale, a private company in charge of collecting indirect taxes for the king. Lavoisier became first an inspector of one of the Ferme Générale commissions, the Tobacco commission, where his supervisor was Jacques Paulze. On December 16, 1771, Lavoisier married his thirteen-year-old daughter, Marie-Anne-Pierrette Paulze, who was also the grandniece of the powerful Abbé Terray, the Controller General of Finance. In 1775, Lavoisier entered the Régie des Poudres et Salpêtres, a private company responsible for the production, control and refining of saltpeter and the manufacture of gunpowder in France. As a Fermier Général and a member of the Régie des Poudres et Salpêtres, Lavoisier became interested in economic theories, physiocratic ideas, agronomy, and public finance.Antoine Laurent Lavoisier was born in Paris in 1743. He was the son of Jean Antoine Lavoisier, a lawyer, and Émilie Punctis, who belonged to a wealthy Parisian family, and died when he was two. Then he attended the Collège Mazarin where he studied classics and mathematics. In 1763, he passed the Bachelor of Law degree. At this time he got interested in mineralogy and chemistry and attended Rouelle's classes. In 1766-1767, he went on some field trips with Jean Etienne Guettard, to study the stratigraphy of soils and make an inventory of the mineralogical resources of France.The bulk of the collection came down through the Chazelles family and was subsequently acquired by Lavoisier bibliographer Denis Duveen. Duveen sold the collection after finishing the bibliography. The Cornell Library purchased the collection from dealer H.P. Kraus in 1963. Additional material was collected by Pierre Dejours, and subsequently the Library purchased the Dejours material from Librairie Hatchuel in 2006