Aqueous Extract of Grape Leaves Effects on Liver Enzymes and Some Kidney Function Parameters in Hyperthyroidism Female Animals

Vitis vinifera L. is kind of grape grown widely in Asia, Europe and America.It has many nutritional and pharmacological uses in the Indian traditional medicine, also by European folk healers and many other nations, for treatment of many medical conditions such as nausea , thirst , cough , constipation , smallpox , cholera, hemorrhoids and some of skin and eye diseases.In the present study, Vitis vinifera L. leaves was collected from shrub, grown in IRAQ. The aqueous leaves extract used, was prepared and evaluated for kidney functions (urea, creatinine ,uric acid) and liver enzymes  activity (AST,ALT) in induced hyperthyroidism female rabbits. Results showed significant decrease ( p<0.05) in levels and activities of the studied parameters .Our conclusion this herb may inhibits enzymes activity, that was activated by Levothyroxine  sodium. So we think there is a relation between the drug and enzymes releasing sources. Keywords: Vistis vinifera L., L- thyroxin, Urea, Creatinine, Uric acid, AST, ALT

A Comparative Study for Some Atherogenic Indices in Sera of Myocardial infarction, Ischemic Heart Disease Patients and Control

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the first world's leading causes of death. One of the major risk factor for the development of CVD is dyslipidemia, which involve elevated plasma levels of (TG), (TCh),   (LDL-C), (VLDL-C) and a low level of (HDL-C). Generally, the hyperlipidemias are at risk of Ischemic heart disease (IHD) and peripheral vascular disease. The strong association between the risk of Cardiovascular Artery Diseases (CAD), high levels of LDL-C and low levels of HDL-C has been well established. However enormous contributions of TG to CVD have been underestimated. Indeed high levels of TG have been associated with an increased incidence of CAD and an increased population of small dense LDL-C particles. The ratio of TG to HDL-C was proved as strong predictor of Myocardial Infarction (MI).Cardio Risk Ratio (CRR) and Atherogenic Coefficient (AC) have a good predictive value for future cardiovascular events. Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), which indicated that plasma atherogenecity, was also a significant independent predicator of CAD. This study was primarily to evaluate the serum lipid profile and to estimate the atherogenic indices (CRR, AC and AIP). Results showed no significant changes in TCh, TG, and HDL-C levels in MI and HID, while LDL-C showed significant increases in MI and IHD, VLDL-C showed highly significant decreases in MI and IHD, compared to control The atherogenic indices showed significant and no significant increases in MI and IHD respectively, compared to control. The risk factor according to AIP for MI is more in developing CVD than IHD. Keywords: CVD, MI, IHD, AIP