Adult learning and lifelong learning and their socio-economic contribution

This paper provides a synthesis learning from in adult learning literature. The paper starts by looking the rationale for adult learning which has its roots on informal learning. It offers in a nutshell some benefit of learning from adult education perspective. The paper provides a substantiation of a wide-ranging perspective of learning that accommodate social aspect of life than a narrowly understood classroom learning for certification. This paper intends to identify the immediate results of learning, offer the understanding of how learning influence on outcomes and offer practical examples from previous research. Last but not the least, the paper concludes by highlighting the wide understanding of learning from an adult education perspective

Needs of Farmers for Guidance Publication to the Development of Agricultural Extension in Anbar, Iraq

Guidance publication one of the most important sources of information for farmers about crop techniques,knowledge, and cropping information to get high productivity. Targeted research to asses the relationship between the wheat grower information level and recommendations of the Scientific pamphlet of wheat and some independent variables studied, as well as identify social characteristics, and functional for extension workers, and determine the reasons for non-use of the indicative releases from the point of view of agricultural workers. Iraq determines the research community in all extension agents to maintain a (92 Advisor) and sample farmer b (145 farms) of village farmers discussed (414) farms, selected a random sample of 35% of the province's villages and all of the following villages: ( Qusaiba village, Parwana and sons Hassan and corner Walnhih , Znkorh and the village of Black Hill).Data were collected by personal interview from 3 January  to 28 March 2014 through the resolution, analysis of research data on the frequencies, percentages and arithmetic mean, standard deviation, range, as any simple correlation coefficient.  The most significant results show that (18.6%) are small and that the information category (31, 7%), them with the information medium, and that (49.6%) They are with high information. Moral relationship at 0.01 level (0.05) between the level of agricultural information and (Gender, age, cultural openness, sources of information), and non-moral moral level 0, 05 for each of the following independent variables (marital status, Farming, engagement, agricultural property type, participate in outreach activities, the trend towards agricultural innovations). Keywords: Guidance Publication, Farmers, Field crops, Agricultural Extension, and Iraq

The Learning Experience of Iraq Middle-Aged Adult Learner in Online Undergraduate Degree

This paper has based an interview with an Iraq Middle-aged adult female to gain her experience at how she completed an online course in Iraq. The paper presents findings from a case study which explored insights of her experience in online English programme in Iraq. The research questions focused on why Middle-aged adult learners could carry on and complete the programme, what factors supported her completion of the programme, and which conditions seemed to slow down the process. Findings from the interviews suggest that interaction in the learning, accessibility of the programme and encouragement from others were some of the factors that facilitated the completion of the programme. However, multiple roles for female students, technology related problems and disappointment were some of the major challenges for completion of the programme. Keywords: online course; Middle-aged; adult learning; interviews

Adult Learning and Lifelong Learning and their Socio-Economic Contribution

This paper provides a synthesis learning from in adult learning literature. The paper starts by looking the rationale for adult learning which has its roots on informal learning. It offers in a nutshell some benefit of learning from adult education perspective. The paper provides a substantiation of a wide-ranging perspective of learning that accommodate social aspect of life than a narrowly understood classroom learning for certification. This paper intends to identify the immediate results of learning, offer the understanding of how learning influence on outcomes and offer practical examples from previous research. Last but not the least, the paper concludes by highlighting the wide understanding of learning from an adult education perspective. Keyword: adult learning, lifelong learning, social networking, socio-economi

Relationship between organizational climate and job performance of agricultural extension workers in Iraq

There has been an extensive exploration on the association of organizational climate with the job performance in a large organizational context, predominantly in western countries. There is a considerable lacuna in understanding how the relationship of organizational climate dimensions and job performance determinants in developing countries especially Iraq. Meanwhile, recently three annual reports issued by the Ministry of Agriculture in Iraq (2013, 2014, 2015) mentioned that workers of extension are weak in their job performance. Actual study explores the dynamic relationship between organizational climate and job performance of the agricultural extension workers in Iraq with the view of providing situated understanding of how the dimensions of organizational climate have an influence on the determinants of job performance. For the organizational climate dimensions, the dimensions measurement is being used as conceptual Campbell et al. Theory (1970)from the literature review. While, the job performance determinants measurement by Porter et al. Theory (1968) is obtained also from literature. Organizational climate was measured using a validated instrument which included 76 questions. In contrast, the job performance was measured by 20 questions. Respondents were selected through the random sampling method to gather the data. Questionnaire were administered to 180 agricultural extension workers in Iraq whereby 53.76% are from the general headquarters, 22.57% are from training centers and 23.67% are from the typical extension farm. The quantitative data were analyzed through SPSS. The results show the majority of respondents’ perception is at medium level for organizational climate dimensions, job performance determinants and job satisfaction. The linear relationship between organizational climate and job performance is at 1% significance level. The coefficient value of 0.426 means were calculated based on Guilford’s Rule of Thumb: the strength of linear relation is moderate in a positive direction. As the conclusion, agricultural extension workers’ role in development and changing is substantial and certainly their attitude toward organizational climate and motivations towards work will correlate with the quality and caliber of their job performance with respect to their tasks. The literature in the field has established that job performance can be correlated by organizational climate among other factors. Therefore, it is recommended that the importance of a good incentive system in the agricultural extension organization are highlighted because of its impact on the job performance of extension workers where this study showed that there is insignificant in this dimension