Linguistic Science And Language Tests

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98166/1/j.1467-1770.1950.tb00427.x.pd

Materials And Tests In English As A Foreign Language: A Survey

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98381/1/j.1467-1770.1953.tb01404.x.pd

The Relation Of Entrance Level To Rate Of Progress In Aural Comprehension

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98210/1/j.1467-1770.1949.tb01161.x.pd

Patterns Of Difficulty In Vocabulary

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98253/1/j.1467-1770.1955.tb00829.x.pd

Testing Control Of The Structure Of A Foreign Language

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98156/1/j.1467-1770.1951.tb01180.x.pd

Editorial

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98114/1/j.1467-1770.1960.tb00721.x.pd

Survey Of Tests In English As A Foreign Language

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98344/1/j.1467-1770.1950.tb01174.x.pd

Fables of reconstruction: controlling bias in the dark energy equation of state

We develop an efficient, non-parametric Bayesian method for reconstructing the time evolution of the dark energy equation of state w(z) from observational data. Of particular importance is the choice of prior, which must be chosen carefully to minimise variance and bias in the reconstruction. Using a principal component analysis, we show how a correlated prior can be used to create a smooth reconstruction and also avoid bias in the mean behaviour of w(z). We test our method using Wiener reconstructions based on Fisher matrix projections, and also against more realistic MCMC analyses of simulated data sets for Planck and a future space-based dark energy mission. While the accuracy of our reconstruction depends on the smoothness of the assumed w(z), the relative error for typical dark energy models is <10% out to redshift z=1.5.Comment: 13 pages, 11 figure

Real-space imaging of dispersive triplon excitations in engineered quantum magnets

Quantum magnets provide a powerful platform to explore complex quantum many-body phenomena. One example is triplon excitations, exotic many-body modes emerging from deconfined singlet-triplet transitions with no single particle analog. Triplons are challenging to observe in conventional materials, as the energy scales of singlet-triplet transitions are associated with Hund's energy and are dramatically larger than the typical bandwidth of spin fluctuations. We engineer a minimal quantum magnet from organic molecules and demonstrate the emergence of dispersive triplon modes in one- and two-dimensional assemblies probed with scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy. We show the variable bandwidth of triplon excitations in these two different geometries. Our results provide the first demonstration of dispersive triplon excitations from a real-space measurement, suggesting their potential engineering to realize exotic many-body phenomena in quantum magnets without breaking time-reversal symmetry