Scanning Electron Microscopy of High-Modulus Polyethylene Fibres

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) examination of high modulus polyethylene (HMPE) fibres gives rise to a number of artifacts which are here recognized. Antistatic agents may be successfully used for the observation of the woven fibres, but only in conjunction with an intermediate metallic coating. For isolated threads superior results are obtained with the metallic coating alone. New SEM evidence suggests that the high density of surface cracks produced by plasma treatment of HMPE fibres is associated with an aging process. This can also be activated by mechanical energy or storage at room conditions

Libraries and open society; Popper, Soros and digital information

This paper examines the role of libraries and information services, in promoting the ‘open society’ espoused by Karl Popper and George Soros. After a brief discussion of the nature of an ‘open society’, the paper covers the role played by provision of knowledge and information, of new technology, particularly the Internet, and of critical thinking and digital literacy in the development of this form of society. Conclusions are drawn for the role of libraries and librarians, with seven general principles suggested: • provision of access to a wide variety of sources without ‘negative’ restriction or censorship • provision of ‘positive’ guidance on sources, based on open and objective criteria • a recognition that a ‘free flow of information’ though essential, is not sufficient • a recognition that provision of factual information, while valuable, is not enough • a need for a specific concern for the effect of new ICTs, and the Internet in particular • promotion of critical thinking and digital literacy • a need for explicit consideration of the ethical values of librarie