Effect of Process Parameters and Metallographic Studies of ASS-304 Stainless Steel at Various Temperatures under Warm Deep Drawing

AbstractWarm forming of high strength sheet metal alloys are in great demand and its application has importance in defense and nuclear industries. In the present investigation the austenitic stainless steel (ASS)-304 blanks are deep drawn under warm conditions using 20Ton hydraulic press and observed that at lower punch speed when the cup is drawn at elevated temperatures the formability is improved. Numbers of deep draw experiments are conducted under warm conditions to study the microstructure at elevated temperatures for punch corner region cups at variable speeds. In this investigation, changes in the microstructure are observed for deep drawn cups at ambient and elevated temperatures

Anti-Corrosive Behavior of the Seed Extract of Amomum sabulatum

An aqueous extract of Amomum sabulatum seeds was evaluated for anticorrosive effects on mild steel in the presence of HCl. Weight loss measurements were taken to determine the corrosion rate and inhibition efficiency at various concentrations. With the increasing concentrations of plant extract, the results showed an improvement in inhibition efficiency and a decrease in corrosion rate. In the presence of 1500 ppm concentration of plant extract, it has an inhibition efficiency of 82.08 % at 303 K. The scanning electron microscope was used to examine the surface, which proves that while the extract was there, a protective layer formed on the metal surface

Influence of ECAP processing temperature and number of passes on hardness and microstructure of Al-6063

Equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) is one the most efficient techniques of severe plastic deformation for grain refinement and improving mechanical properties. In this study, aluminium alloy 6063 is used due to its wide range of applications. The ECAP process depends on die geometry, number of passes, processing temperature, following routes, plunger speed, strain and frictions. In this study, cylindrical billets of Al-6063 are processed at two different temperatures, at room temperature and at elevated temperature (250°C) through route BC. In the present research, specimens deformed after first pass, third pass and the sixth pass are considered for analysing the microstructure evolution and hardness values. Optical microscopy and electron back scattered diffraction (EBSD) techniques are used for microstructural study. Hardness test is carried out for hardness measurement with test load 100 g. The hardness is increased up to 85 HV after six passes at room temperature. Hardness increases up to 83% only after one pass at room temperature. EBSD result shows the low-angle grain boundaries are 91.06% where high-angle grain boundaries are only 8.9% of sample with one pass at 250°C. The elevated processing temperature influences both hardness and microstructure. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group

Formability studies of ASS 304 and evaluation of friction for Al in deep drawing setup at elevated temperatures using LS-DYNA

Deep drawing is a sheet metal forming operation which involves conversion of flat thin sheet blanks drawn into desired cups. Forming of high strength sheet metal and low weight alloys under warm conditions is in great demand now-a-days and its application has great importance in nuclear plants, cryogenic vessels, heat exchangers, pharmaceutical industries etc. In the Present investigation the austenitic stainless steel (ASS)-304 of different blank diameters is deep drawn under warm condition. It is observed that there is a significant improvement in limiting drawing ratio (LDR) from 2.16 at room temperature to 2.5 at 150 °C and drawn cups are determined. In this investigation blanks of different diameters are deep drawn to determine LDR at various temperatures and it was found out that under warm conditions there is a significant improvement in limiting drawing ratio from room temperature to 300 °C. In the present investigation the other material IS 737 grade aluminum alloy is drawn at elevated temperature and its formability was investigated in warm condition and it was found that there was a substantial increase in the formability of commercial pure aluminum when drawn at 350 °C. For a successful design and simulation by finite element (FE) analysis, it is important to determine reliable friction data for a given lubrication system. Especially when the deep drawing operation is being performed under warm conditions, the prediction of friction becomes complex as its value increases with temperature. By inverse analysis of relating the predicted and measured values of the load-stroke curve this paper presents a practical methodology using the deep drawing test and finite element (FE) analysis to evaluate the coefficient of friction between blank and tooling

Characterization of Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Composites with Graphite

PMMA Composites have become the most popular materials due to its excellent strength-to-weight ratio, graphite reinforced for engineering applications. Researchers have used a variety of reinforcements to enhance the mechanical and tribological characteristics of various polymer matrixes, including carbon fiber, glass fiber, and carbon-based nanoparticles, graphite, alumina, silica, silicon carbide, titanium oxide, bacterial cellulose, Nano-cellulose, and zirconium oxide.This project focuses on the characteristics of composites made with graphite reinforcements that are based on polymethyl methacrylate. Die casting was used to manufacture this reinforced composite. To enhance the mechanical qualities (impact strength and hardness), tribological parameters (slide distance, normal load, and sliding velocity are employed for wear rate). Therefore, in this study, greater focus has been placed on on PMMA-based composites with graphite reinforcement

Evolution and Characterization of Zirconium 702 alloy at various temperatures

The Zirconium 702 alloy effectively used in nuclear industry at various critical conditions like high temperature and high pressure. This survey is an assessment of insights into the mechanical properties of the metal when exposed to different temperatures along the rolling direction.The main objective of this work is to characterize the tensile properties, and fracture study of broken tensile test samples at various temperatures.The tensile samples tested in our current work are 100°C, 150°C, and 200°C temperatures in different directions (0°, 45°, 90°) along with the rolling direction of the sheet. It is evident from the experimental results that temperatures significantly affect material properties. Temperature increases cause % elongation to increase, and strength decreases. ANOVA analysis revealed that temperature significantly influenced ultimate tensile strength (UTS), and yield strength (YS), as well as % elongation.The temperature contribution for UTS, YS, and % elongation is 41.90%, 31.60%, and 77.80% respectively. SEM fractured images showing the ductile type of behavior for all the temperatures

Finite Element Analysis on Experimental Stretch Forming Process of AA2014 Alloy at 423 to 623K Temperatures

Sheet metal forming processes are extremely important in the production of many different items. However, the issue of plastic instability, which frequently results in damaged goods, still exists in this industry. To solve this problem during production, it is crucial to take into account a number of factors, limiting diagram of forming. Present case, the Aluminum Alloy (AA2014) has been used to examine its formability at various temperatures (423,523 and 623K) and at strain rates (0.1 mm/s). Stretch forming was used to acquire the study’s findings, and the Nakajima test was used. The findings were evaluated using fractography investigations carried out with SEM. The outcomes demonstrated that as the temperature rose, the material’s limiting stresses became more favorable. Utilizing LS-dyna software, the simulations were carried out. The experimental findings are within the acceptability limit according to this study