An Infrasonic Missing Fundamental Rises at 18.5Hz

The Missing Fundamental (MF) phenomenon is an auditory processing artifact which arises from the perception of a harmonically-structured complex sound in the absence of the complex sound’s fundamental frequency (f0). Constructive interference occurring between constituent waveforms of the harmonic series may elicit a perceptible tone at the f0’s pitch. A related illusion, known as binaural auditory beats (BAB), may also generate nonexistent perceptible pitches through a shared mechanism. A harmonic series suggesting to an infrasonic f0 (1/f) noise and broken MF conditions. This data suggests that an infrasonic MF tone is generated, despite the normally imperceptible nature of the sound. The computational phenomenon reported here may also occur throughout the cortex, where it could influence or induce different conscious states. The practical implications of altering cortical activity is relevant in understanding processing disorders such as Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Schizophrenia

Balance of Power and the Propensity of Conflict

We study the role of an imbalance in fighting strengths when players bargain in the shadow of conflict. Our experimental results suggest: In a simple bargaining game with an exogenous mediation proposal, the likelihood of conflict is independent of the balance of power. If bargaining involves endogenous demand choices, however, the likelihood of conflict is higher if power is more imbalanced. Even though endogenous bargaining outcomes reflect the players' unequal fighting strengths, strategic uncertainty causes outcomes to be most efficient when power is balanced. In turn, the importance of exogenous mediation proposals depends on the balance of power

An Infrasonic Missing Fundamental Rises at 18.5Hz

The Missing Fundamental phenomenon is an auditory processing artifact arising from the perception of a complex tone following a harmonic structure with the fundamental frequency removed. Constructive interference of the harmonic series\u27 component waveforms elicits a perceptible tone at the fundamental frequency’s pitch. Binaural auditory beats (BAB) may also generate perceptible pitches. Mechanisms in BAB and missing fundamental tone generation are shared. A harmonic series suggesting to an infrasonic f0 (p1/f noise and BMF conditions (p\u3c.001*). It appears that an infrasonic missing fundamental tone is generated, despite the normally imperceptible nature of the sound. This computational phenomenon may occur throughout the cortex and may be able to influence or induce different conscious states. The practical implications of altering cortical activity may be relevant in understanding processing disorders such as ADHD and Schizophrenia