137 research outputs found

    Fish stock assessment of the northern New Caledonian lagoons : 2-Stocks of lagoon bottom and reef-associated fishes

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    Les stocks de poissons des fonds de lagon et vivant Ă  proximitĂ© des rĂ©cifs se caractĂ©risent par une forte diversitĂ© et un habitat hĂ©tĂ©rogĂšne, ce qui rend les estimations de stocks difficiles. En particulier, il est nĂ©cessaire de combiner plusieurs mĂ©thodes pour Ă©valuer les principales composantes de ces stocks. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude avait pour objectif d’estimer de tels stocks dans la Province Nord de Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie, une rĂ©gion oĂč ils reprĂ©sentent une des cibles privilĂ©giĂ©es des pĂȘcheurs locaux. Ces estimations se sont basĂ©es sur des pĂȘches expĂ©rimentales avec des palangres (206 stations) et des lignes Ă  main « palangrottes » (363 stations). Les « palangrottes » ont Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©es pour estimer les stocks prĂšs des rĂ©cifs, et les palangres pour les zones Ă©loignĂ©es des rĂ©cifs et les fonds de lagon. Les stations de « palangrotte » ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es dans trois rĂ©gions diffĂ©rentes (lagons ouest, est et nord) et sur trois biotopes (cĂŽtier, milieu de lagon et Ă  proximitĂ© de la barriĂšre rĂ©cifale). Au total, 104 espĂšces ont Ă©tĂ© capturĂ©es, les principales familles Ă©tant les LethrinidĂ©s, LutjanidĂ©s et SerranidĂ©s. L’analyse des captures montre des diffĂ©rences inter-rĂ©gion et inter-biotope dans la composition spĂ©cifique et en prises par unitĂ© d’effort (PUE). En particulier, le lagon nord prĂ©sente des caractĂ©ristiques d’une rĂ©gion inexploitĂ©e avec des PUE trĂšs Ă©levĂ©es. Les PUE et taille des prises augmentent de la cĂŽte vers le large ainsi qu’avec la profondeur. Les PUE des « palangrottes » Ă©taient significativement corrĂ©lĂ©es avec les estimations de densitĂ© et de biomasse obtenues par comptage en plongĂ©e (UVC) pratiquĂ© Ă  proximitĂ© des rĂ©cifs. Les stations de palangre ont Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©es sur les lagons ouest et est. Un total de 80 espĂšces a Ă©tĂ© capturĂ©, les familles principales Ă©tant identiques Ă  celles des « palangrottes » avec en plus les CarangidĂ©s. Les PUE globales des palangres Ă©taient corrĂ©lĂ©es significativement aux densitĂ©s et biomasses estimĂ©es en plongĂ©e le long des palangres. Les estimations de stocks basĂ©es sur ces corrĂ©lations montrent que 90 % des stocks lagonaires se situent sur les fonds de lagon et Ă  proximitĂ© des rĂ©cifs. Les rĂ©cifs, malgrĂ© des biomasses cinq fois plus importantes ne constituent qu’une petite proportion du stock total des poissons de ligne. Le rapport entre densitĂ© et PUE Ă©tait le plus Ă©levĂ© pour les densitĂ©s les plus basses, montrant ainsi que l’efficacitĂ© des engins augmente avec la densitĂ©. La comparaison entre les PUE des « palangrottes » et les densitĂ©s obtenues par UVC sur les rĂ©cifs avoisinants suggĂšre de fortes relations entre les communautĂ©s de poissons des rĂ©cifs et celles des fonds avoisinants

    Fish stock assessment of the northern New Caledonian lagoons : 3-Fishing pressure, potential yields and impact on management options

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    Cette Ă©tude Ă©value le potentiel d’exploitation des poissons dĂ©mersaux rĂ©cifo-lagonaires d’intĂ©rĂȘt commercial dans les lagons de la Province Nord de la Nouvelle-CalĂ©donie. La pression de pĂȘche est estimĂ©e d’aprĂšs les relevĂ©s des pĂȘcheurs professionnels et le budget de consommation des mĂ©nages. Les captures totales ont Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©es Ă  1 326 tonnes en 1995, dont 94 % sont reprĂ©sentĂ©s par la pĂȘche de poissons consommĂ©s sur place. Les captures sont effectuĂ©es sur les cĂŽtes ouest et est, et sont trĂšs faibles dans le lagon nord (BĂ©lep). Compte tenu de cette pression de pĂȘche d’une part, et des stocks d’autre part, la prise maximale soutenue annuelle a Ă©tĂ© estimĂ©e Ă  12 600 t, soit environ 10 % du stock total (138 300 t). Elle est principalement constituĂ©e par des espĂšces de cinq familles : les LethrinidĂ©s, AcanthuridĂ©s, ScaridĂ©s, SerranidĂ©s et LutjanidĂ©s. ComparĂ©s Ă  la pression de pĂȘche sur l’ensemble des lagons, les stocks semblent loin d’ĂȘtre menacĂ©s dans leur ensemble. Il serait donc possible d’augmenter sensiblement l’effort de pĂȘche. Cependant, Ă  une Ă©chelle gĂ©ographique plus fine, certains secteurs communaux (KonĂ© et NĂ©poui sur la cĂŽte ouest), certains biotopes rĂ©cifaux (les abords rĂ©cifaux), ou certains groupes d’espĂšces (poissons de ligne) semblent supporter dĂ©jĂ  une activitĂ© consĂ©quente. Des recommandations sont formulĂ©es, notamment la mise en place d’un suivi de la ressource des espĂšces cibles et la rĂ©orientation de l’effort de pĂȘche en direction d’autres groupes d’espĂšces et d’autres biotopes grĂące Ă  une diversification des techniques de captures

    An in vitro model of aortic stenosis for the assessment of transcatheter aortic valve implantation

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    A significant number of elderly patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis are denied surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) because of high operative risk. Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has emerged as a valid alternative to SAVR in these patients. One of the main characteristics of TAVI, when compared to SAVR, is that the diseased native aortic valve remains in place. For hemodynamic testing of new percutaneous valves and clinical training, one should rely on animal models. However, the development of an appropriate animal model of severe aortic stenosis is not straightforward. This work aims at developing and testing an elastic model of the ascending aorta including a severe aortic stenosis. The physical model was built based on a previous silicone model and tested experimentally in this study. Experimental results showed that the error between the computer-aided design (CAD) file and the physical elastic model was <5%, the compliance of the ascending aorta was 1.15 ml/mm Hg, the effective orifice area (EOA) of the stenotic valve was 0.86 cm2, the peak jet velocity was 4.9 m/s and mean transvalvular pressure gradient was 50 mm Hg, consistent with as severe. An EDWARDS-SAPIEN 26 mm valve was then implanted in the model leading to a significant increase in EOA (2.22 cm2) and a significant decrease in both peak jet velocity (1.29 m/s) and mean transvalvular pressure gradient (3.1 mm Hg). This model can be useful for preliminary in vitro testing of percutaneous valves before more extensive animal and in vivo tests

    Shaker Vibration Test Of Epoxy Composites Reinforced With Pristine And Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes

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    The vibration and damping characteristics of epoxy composites reinforced with pristine and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were investigated experimentally with potential use as integral passive damping elements in structural composite applications. The MWCNTs were introduced into the acetone solvent and then mixed with epoxy resin through a sonication process and mechanical stirring. The solvent was evaporated by means of magnetic hot plate and the hardener was added to the mixture once it was cooled down to room temperature. The MWCMTs/epoxy mixture was then injected into a mold to form the nanocomposite specimen. Nanocomposite specimens were fabricated for six different MWCNT loadings (0.02, 0.041, 0.061, 0.123, 0.25 and 0.37 wt%). Microstructural analysis, tensile and bending tests were carried out to examine the effects of pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (p-MWCNTs) and functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs). The frequency response functions (FRFs), coherence and phase diagrams of nanocomposites were measured using a shaker vibration technique. The periodic up-chirp signal was generated by a shaker to excite the cantilever nanocomposite specimen at the base. The damped natural frequencies and damping ratios were obtained for different loadings of MWCNTs. The experimental results indicated that the damped natural frequencies of p-MWCNTs/epoxy and f-MWCNTs/epoxy composites increased by adding MWCNTs up to 0.12 wt.% and, after that, decreased with higher MWCNT content. Another finding was that p-MWCNTs were beneficial to improve the damping ratio of nanocomposites. While the damping ratios of f-MWCNTs with loadings of 0.02-0.06 wt.% were higher than p-MWCNTs ones, they did not increase at higher CNTs contents for the first mode of vibration

    Checklist of the shore and epipelagic fishes of Tonga

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    A checklist is given below of 1162 species of shore and epipelagic fishes belonging to 111 families that occur in the islands of Tonga, South Pacifie Ocean; 40 of these are epipelagic species. As might be expected, the fish fauna of Tonga is most similar to those of Samoa and Fiji; at least 658 species of the fishes found in Tonga are also known from Fiji and the islands of Samoa. Twelve species of shore fishes are presently known only from Tonga. Specimens of Tongan fishes are housed mainly in the fish collections of the National Museum ofNatural History, Washington D.C.; Bernice P. Bishop Museum, Honolulu; Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris; and the Australian Museum, Sydney. Native Tongan names offishes, when known, are presented afterspecies names
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