Eficiencia productiva en sector porcino: un estudio de casos de Dinamarca y Polonia

Dentro del mercado europeo de carne de cerdo, Dinamarca y Polonia son dos actores relevantes que presentan algunas diferencias en sus sistemas productivos (SP). El presente trabajo estudia las variables que explican el comportamiento de la producción de carne porcina y la eficiencia técnica relativa de los SP tomando en cuenta las diferencias en los sistemas. Para ello, se utilizó modelos de frontera estocástica de producción del tipo trans-log, para muestras de productores porcinos en el periodo 2010-2015. Los resultados indican que las muestras de productores de ambos países presentan niveles de eficiencia altos, con valores de 0,899 y 0,859 para Dinamarca y Polonia, respectivamente. Los factores más importantes que explican la producción de cerdos son los alimentos y el capital. Además, Polonia presenta crecimiento tecnológico significativo en el periodo estudiado sin mostrar cambios en la eficiencia, mientras que, Dinamarca no presenta progreso tecnológico y adicionalmente muestra una baja en la eficiencia técnica relativa en el periodo

GDF11 restricts aberrant lipogenesis and changes in mitochondrial structure and function in human hepatocellular carcinoma cells

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has been characterized as a key regulator of differentiation in cells that retain stemness features. Recently, it has been reported that GDF11 exerts tumor‐suppressive properties in hepatocellular carcinoma cells, decreasing clonogenicity, proliferation, spheroid formation, and cellular function, all associated with a decrement in stemness features, resulting in mesenchymal to epithelial transition and loss of aggressiveness. The aim of the present work was to investigate the mechanism associated with the tumor‐suppressive properties displayed by GDF11 in liver cancer cells. Hepatocellular carcinoma‐derived cell lines were exposed to GDF11 (50 ng/ml), RNA‐seq analysis in Huh7 cell line revealed that GDF11 exerted profound transcriptomic impact, which involved regulation of cholesterol metabolic process, steroid metabolic process as well as key signaling pathways, resembling endoplasmic reticulum‐related functions. Cholesterol and triglycerides determination in Huh7 and Hep3B cells treated with GDF11 exhibited a significant decrement in the content of these lipids. The mTOR signaling pathway was downregulated, and this was associated with a reduction in key proteins involved in the mevalonate pathway. In addition, real‐time metabolism assessed by Seahorse technology showed abridged glycolysis as well as glycolytic capacity, closely related to an impaired oxygen consumption rate and decrement in adenosine triphosphate production. Finally, transmission electron microscopy revealed mitochondrial abnormalities, such as cristae disarrangement, consistent with metabolic changes. Results provide evidence that GDF11 impairs cancer cell metabolism targeting lipid homeostasis, glycolysis, and mitochondria function and morphology.This study was partially funded by a grant from the Consejo Nacionalde Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACYT): CB252942, Fronteras de laCiencia1320, Apoyo al Fortalecimiento y Desarrollo de la Infra-estructura 2013205941 and 2017280788, and Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana. We thank the confocal core unit of the Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana Iztapalapa. SH, MGR, ASN arescholarship holders from Conacyt. We acknowledge the support fromgrants: PID2019111669RB, and SAF201785877R from PlanNacional de IþD, Spain, and by the CIBEREHD; the center grantP50AA011999 Southern California Research Center for ALPD andCirrhosis funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse andAlcoholism/National Institutes of Health (NIH); as well as supportfrom AGAUR of the Generalitat de Catalunya SGR20171112,European Cooperation in Science & Technology (COST) ACTIONCA17112 Prospective European DrugInduced Liver Injury Network,and the Fundación BBVA. RED Nacional 2018102799Tdeenfermedades metabólicas y Cáncer y Proyecto 201916/31 DeFundacion Marató TV3Peer reviewe