Kinetics of Bacteria Disinfection with UV Radiation in an Absorbing and Nutritious Medium

A kinetic model for water disinfection employing UV-C radiation   was developed that is valid for clear waters as well as for a concentrated and nutritious medium. Escherichia coli was used as a test bacteria. The kinetic model is a modification of the series event inactivation mathematical description that takes into account the radiation absorption rate corresponding to the existing, viable bacteria and the radiation attenuation produced by the quasi transparent or the translucent environment. It also explains two additional observed phenomena: (i) the effect of bacteria growth in the nutritious medium during disinfection and (ii) a further reduction in the inactivation rate that was attributed to some form of bacteria protection produced by a not well understood association of the bacteria with of the components of the concentrated culture. Comparing theoretical predictions from the model with experimental concentration vs. time data, the model parameters were obtained. Predictions show good agreement with collected experimental data within the range of the explored variables.Fil: Labas, Marisol Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Cassano, Alberto Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentin

Fotocatálisis Heterogénea Para La Inactivación de Bioaerosoles en Ambientes Interiores

La contaminación del aire representa un importante riesgo medioambiental para la salud y es un problema creciente, especialmente en países en desarrollo. La Organización Mundial de la Salud estimó que una de cada nueve muertes en todo el mundo es el resultado de condiciones relacionadas con la contaminación atmosférica. Últimamente, ha crecido el interés en aspectos que hacen a la contaminación del aire interior, principalmente los que involucran contaminantes de origen microbiológico, conocidos como bioaerosoles debido al riesgo que implican para la salud al encontrarse presentes en la mayoría de los entornos cerrados. Este problema ha impulsado el desarrollo de nuevas tecnologías de purificación, que reemplacen o complementen a los procesos tradicionales de tratamiento. Un proceso atractivo de inactivación de bioaerosoles, es la fotocatálisis heterogénea. Estos procesos se basan en la irradiación con luz UV de suspensiones de óxidos semiconductores como el dióxido de titanio, TiO2, en presencia de las especies contaminantes a degradar. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es el estudio y desarrollo de procesos de inactivación de microorganismos aerotransportados patógenos utilizando filtros de aire absolutos con un fotocatalizador soportado en combinación con radiación UV. Para tal fin se utiliza un fotorreactor de configuración simple de laboratorio. Se aplicaron distintas variantes para determinar el número adecuado de depósitos sobre el soporte filtrante, la duración del ensayo, la dispersión del microorganismo utilizado y el método de recuento de los mismos. Se obtuvieron altas tasas de inactivación (99,9%) en bajos tiempos de contacto (25 minutos). Los resultados demuestran que la fotocatálisis es un proceso viable para la desinfección del aire interior. La utilización de esa técnica permitirá realizar ensayos en los que se puedan determinar los parámetros cinéticos de la desinfección, los que pueden ser utilizados para el desarrollo de dispositivos que posibiliten la descontaminación del aire de espacios interiores.Fil: Flores, Marina Judith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Rossenberg, Nadia. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Facultad de Ingeniería y Ciencias Hídricas; ArgentinaFil: Brandi, Rodolfo Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Labas, Marisol Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentin

Water disinfection with UVC and/or chemical inactivation.Mechanistic differences, implications and consequences

The chemical inactivation of Escherichia coli employing a commercial mixture of peracetic acid (PAA) was studied. For this purpose, experiments were carried out using dilutions of the unmodified mixture, and also the same mixture but altered with hydrogen peroxide (HP) previously inhibited. Also, these results were compared to those obtained before employing HP alone. It was found that the mixture is much more efficient than HP and PAA acting separately. Furthermore, it was found that PAA without HP is much more efficient than HP alone. A plausible explanation is presented. The homolysis of PAA would give rise to a chain reaction that generates a significant number of highly oxidizing radicals. An attacking scheme to bacteria in two stages is proposed, where the initial step, mainly caused by PAA, is very fast and eliminates some specific components of the bacteria that would otherwise inhibit the parallel action of HP. Thereafter, the emergence of a potentiating synergetic action of the second oxidant seems to be immediately unveiled. Human society requires water for drinking, sanitation, cleaning, production of food and energy, and support of commercial and industrial activities. Water in nature can contain a variety of contaminants such as minerals, salts, heavy metals, organic compounds, radioactive residues and living materials, for example parasites, fungi, and bacteria (US EPA, 2003). In rural and urban areas of low-income countries, millions of the most vulnerable people lack access to improvedwater, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) services. Unsafe water from all sources contributes significantly to the global burden of disease, principally through thewaterborne transmission of gastrointestinal infections such as cholera, typhoid, hepatitis, and a wide range of agents that cause diarrhea and even death. Thus, cheap and effectivewater treatment systems that can be used at different scales, from single-point water sources to small-community water supplies, can make a valuable contribution to reducing the burden of disease by improving access to safe water (Ahmed et al., 2011). Microbiological contamination is a widespread problem and water is one of the most important vehicles for disseminating this type of pollution, contributing to the dispersion of bacteria, yeasts, fungi, spores, etc. Part of this contamination is the product of an uncontrolled discharge of biological wastes or the usage of domestic sewage systems without the corresponding treatment. Typically, these problems are very often solved with chlorine (or its derivatives) disinfection, an old, low cost water treatment technology that is very efficient and has an extensive use. Alongside these advantages, it is well-known the existence of an important drawback resulting from the toxicity of some of the chlorine disinfection by-products (DBPs) produced by the interaction of chlorine and chlorine derivatives with organic substances either naturally existing in water, or resulting from improperly treated industrial or sanitary wastes (McDonnel and Russell, 1999). Some of these DBPs have been already included in the existing lists of substances having mutagenic or carcinogenic properties. During the last years, organizations of different origin have insisted in the need for a gradual substitution of chlorine for water disinfection and requested for more research efforts aimed at developing efficient alternatives having reasonable costs (Ahmed et al., 2010). Global reduction of chemical deposition into the environment is necessary. Addressing these problems calls out for a tremendous amount of research to be conducted to identify robust new methods of purifying water at lower cost and with less energy, while at the same time minimizing the use of chemicals and impact on the environment. In the latest advances in water purification and disinfection, mainly in the oxidation of toxic organic compounds, persistent and cumulative, are used the new technologies of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs), which are methods that involved chemical or photochemical generation and use of species transitional powerful as the hydroxyl radical (HO?). This work contains a comprehensive, albeit reduced, report on some of the processes in use, the kinetic modeling that accompany several of them and the theories behind those proposals, especially when they have been developed by us, in relation to technologies for water disinfection. Five disinfection methods were compared: (i) UV disinfection, (ii) hydrogen peroxide disinfection, (iii) peracetic acid disinfection (iv) peracetic acid+UV disinfection and (v) Hydrogen peroxide+UV disinfection. The main target of the study was trying to understand and interpret the differences that exist between the different procedures. In addition, we were searching for quantitative information in order to get an idea, as approximate as possible, about operating conditions and final results, with the aim of being able to distinguish among them, which might be the most efficient, economical and environmentally friendly method.Fil: Flores, Marina Judith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Brandi, Rodolfo Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Cassano, Alberto Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Labas, Marisol Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentin

Dose estimation methodology for the UV inactivation of bioaerosols in a Continuous-Flow reactor

Indoor air microbial pollution may be responsible for various human allergies and diseases. To reduce exposure, airborne bacteria can be directly controlled through devices that employ ultraviolet-C (UV-C) radiation. In this study, a continuous annular photo-reactor was used to evaluate the inactivation dose for two species: Gram-negative Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In order to provide meaningful results, a comprehensive kinetic modeling was performed, which included the evaluation of optical properties of the microorganisms and the calculation of radiation field inside the reactor. In this way, intrinsic inactivation rates could be obtained. From the reactor modeling and the experimental data sets, the first order inactivation rate or UV susceptibility for E. coli was 0.1055 m 2 J −1 , while for P. aeruginosa the obtained value was 0.2579 m 2 J −1 . The approach used allows a straightforward scaling-up of the process for real applications and microorganism species involved.Fil: Martínez Retamar, María Eugenia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Passalia, Claudio. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Litoral; ArgentinaFil: Brandi, Rodolfo Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Labas, Marisol Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentin

A Contribution to the UV Dose Concept for Bacteria Disinfection in Well Mixed Photoreactors

A modified dose concept for microorganism inactivation employing almost monochromatic, low wavelength radiation has been studied using disinfection data obtained with Escherichia coli bacteria and germicidal UV lamps. This first contribution has been applied to experiments performed in a well-mixed reactor and describes the dose exploring two new concepts: (i) the use of the spatial distribution of the radiation absorption rates by the bacteria and (ii) the consideration that not necessarily the inactivation rate is of first order with respect to the radiation energy absorption rate. The proposed description agrees very well with the obtained experimental data for almost transparent water and for a medium having a concentrated culture with significant radiation absorption.Fil: Labas, Marisol Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Brandi, Rodolfo Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Cassano, Alberto Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentin

Kinetics of Bacteria Inactivation Under Clear Water Conditions

Microbiologically contaminatedwater, in this case artificially infected with Escherichia coliwas treated with lowwavelength (253.7 nm) radiation in a laboratory reactor where all the significant operating variables were carefully measured and controlled.Amodification of the series-event model was used to interpret the experimental data which were collected employing four different levels of the incident radiation arriving at the reactor. The developed model is based on a rather complex dependence with respect to the E. coli concentration and to the radiation that is effectively absorbed by the bacteria which was precisely quantified. The mathematical description of the kinetics has three parameters: (i) the threshold limit of bacteria damage (n = 2), (ii) the kinetic constant [k = 9.03±0.36 s-1(cm3W-1)m] and (iii) the reaction order with respect to the bacteria photonic absorption rate (m= 0.205±0.015). About 99.99% plus inactivation was reached in all cases for rather short effective contact times and predictions from the model agree very well with experimental data in the whole range of investigated variables.Fil: Labas, Marisol Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Brandi, Rodolfo Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Martin, Carlos Alberto. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Cassano, Alberto Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentin

Kinetic model of water disinfection using peracetic acid including synergistic effects

The disinfection efficiencies of a commercial mixture of peracetic acid against Escherichia coli were studied in laboratory scale experiments. The joint and separate action of two disinfectant agents, hydrogen peroxide and peracetic acid, were evaluated in order to observe synergistic effects. A kinetic model for each component of the mixture and for the commercial mixture was proposed. Through simple mathematical equations, the model describes different stages of attack by disinfectants during the inactivation process. Based on the experiments and the kinetic parameters obtained, it could be established that the efficiency of hydrogen peroxide was much lower than that of peracetic acid alone. However, the contribution of hydrogen peroxide was very important in the commercial mixture. It should be noted that this improvement occurred only after peracetic acid had initiated the attack on the cell. This synergistic effect was successfully explained by the proposed scheme and was verified by experimental results. Besides providing a clearer mechanistic understanding of water disinfection, such models may improve our ability to design reactors.Fil: Flores, Marina Judith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Brandi, Rodolfo Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Cassano, Alberto Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Labas, Marisol Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentin

Reaction kinetics of bacteria disinfection employing hydrogen peroxide

The inactivation reaction of Escherichia coli bacteria employing hydrogen peroxide at 20 ºC and pH = 7 was studied in a well-mixed batch reactor. The proposed objective, as far as the extent of inactivation is concerned, was obtained for H2O2 concentrations above 100 ppm (1 ppm = 2.94×10-5 mmol cm-3) but, compared with other disinfection technologies, for too long reaction times. Below 40 ppm of the oxidant concentration inactivation was practically ineffective. Results were analyzed employing Modified forms of the Series-Event and Multitarget mechanistic models. At concentrations above 100 ppm the induction time in the semi-logarithmic plot of bacteria concentration versus time was reduced. With both modified models it was found that the reaction order with respect to the hydrogen peroxide concentration was different than one. Both mathematical descriptions provide a good representation of the experimental results in an ample range of the disinfectant concentrations and confirm a methodology that renders the starting point of a reaction kinetic expression useful for further studies regarding the optimization of the operating conditions (pH and temperature, for example), including also combination with other advanced oxidation technologies. An interpretation of the data in terms of a Weibull-like model [1] is also included.Fil: Labas, Marisol Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Zalazar, Cristina Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Brandi, Rodolfo Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Cassano, Alberto Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentin

Chemical Disinfection with H2O2. The proposal of a Reaction Kinetic Model

The inactivation (death) of Escherichia coli bacteria in water employing hydrogen peroxide has been studied and a five log decrease in CFU cm-3 was achieved. The reaction kinetics was modeled as a series of biochemical steps represented by pseudo homogeneous reactions between hydroxyl radicals and the components of the cellular walls. Afterwards, the lysate was supposed to undergo a group of parallel reactions leading to the oxidation of the chemical components of the cell. It was assumed that the initiation step of hydrogen peroxide dissociation is promoted by the presence of iron or iron-superoxide compounds. In addition the model takes into account that the reaction forming the lysate as well as the ones that follow the destruction of the bacterium wall, compete for the available oxidizing radicals with the steps that involve the attack on active and injured bacteria. A four parameter representation shows good agreement for the whole range of employed hydrogen peroxide concentrations. The results are valid for any form and size of the employed reactor as long as the described operating conditions (pH and concentrations) are maintained. This development constitutes a very general model that is capable to describe inactivation processes whose graphical representation also shows the presence of shoulders at the beginning and tailings in the end of the operation.Fil: Flores, Marina Judith. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Brandi, Rodolfo Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Cassano, Alberto Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Labas, Marisol Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico Para la Industria Química; Argentin

Water disinfection with UVC radiation and H2O2: a comparative study

A generalized kinetic model resulting from several modifications of the one originally known as the Series Event Model has been applied to describe three different disinfection processes and compare their efficiencies. The work was performed in a well-defined, versatile batch reactor employing Escherichia coli as a subrogate bacteria. The following systems were studied: (i) UVC radiation alone, (ii) hydrogen peroxide alone and (iii) UVC radiation combined with hydrogen peroxide. The kinetic parameters of the three models were determined. Within the range of studied operating conditions, the use of UVC alone has shown to produce the best results.Fil: Labas, Marisol Daniela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Brandi, Rodolfo Juan. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Zalazar, Cristina Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; ArgentinaFil: Cassano, Alberto Enrique. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química. Universidad Nacional del Litoral. Instituto de Desarrollo Tecnológico para la Industria Química; Argentin