Media lusófona en los Estados Unidos: entre la Florida y la Región Nordeste

Neste artigo, apresentamos uma análise da mídia étnica enfocada aos mais de dois milhões de imigrantes de países de língua portuguesa (principalmente Portugal, Brasil, Cabo Verde e Açores) vivendo nos Estados Unidos. Esses grupos formam parte do que chamamos da diáspora lusofônica. O objetivo é compreender como a mídia focada nessa diáspora negocia a diversidade de origens e padrões de assimilação. Observamos uma distinção geográfica que cria duas áreas de acesso à mídia em português. A primeira atende o nordeste dos Estados Unidos, com uma população de vários países de língua portuguesa e uma segunda área, localizada na Flórida, atende principalmente a migração mais recente de brasileiros.  Novas tecnologias de media, principalmente a Internet, tem um papel importante nas duas regiões. Rádios e jornais continuam exercendo funções como a disseminação de informação e auxiliando no processo de integração e assimilação de imigrantes, funções importantes da mídia étnica.In this paper, we present a discussion of the ethnic media targeting the more than 2 million immigrants from Portugal and its former colonies (particularly Brazil, Cape Verde, and Azores) living in the United States. These groups compose what we refer to as the lusophone. The goal is to understand how media targeting the lusophone diaspora negotiates a landscape where consumers’ national origin is distinct, but different patterns of assimilation exist. In particular, we uncovered two interesting patterns of geographical distinction in the media. The first serves the northeastern portion of the United States, with a larger and more culturally diverse Portuguese population and the second in Florida, which serves a more recent community of Brazilian immigrants. New media, the Internet in particular, also plays a vital role in both regions. We found that radio stations and newspapers targeting these populations have a limited online presence, but seem to remain a vital source of information and possibly still aid in immigrant integration and assimilation, which has been historically documented in ethnic media.En este artículo presentamos un análisis de la media étnica enfocada a los más de dos millones de migrantes de países de lengua portuguesa (principalmente Portugal, Brasil, Cabo Verde y Açores) que viven en los Estados Unidos. Esos grupos forman parte de lo que llamamos la diáspora lusofónica. El objetivo es comprender cómo la media enfocada en esa diáspora negocia la diversidad de orígenes y patrones de asimilación. Observamos una distinción geográfica que crea dos áreas de acceso a la media en portugués. La primera atiende el nordeste de los Estados Unidos, con una población de varios países de lengua portuguesa, y una segunda área, localizada en la Florida, atiende principalmente la migración más reciente de brasileños. Las nuevas tecnologías de media, principalmente el Internet, tiene un papel importante en las dos regiones. Las radios y los periódicos continúan ejerciendo funciones como la diseminación de información y auxiliando en el proceso de integración y asimilación de migrantes, funciones importantes de la media étnica

Anthropological analysis of burnt osteological human remains from a Neolithic fishing site (Ras al Hamra 5, Area 43 - Sultanate of Oman)

Ras al Hamra 5 (RH5) is a Neolithic shell-midden habitation and necropolis site located near the Oman capital city Muscat, in the suburb of Qurm. The site dates to V and IV millennium BC. The necropolis, which occupies the northeastern part of the site, covers an area of about 160 square meters and was used between 3800 and 3300 BC. The purpose of this presentation is to discuss the findings for the skeletal remains from a specific sector of the necropolis, Area 43. While the entire necropolis is made up of single or multiple primary depositions, this area is characterized by partially burned, highly fragmented and co-mingled skeletal material. We determined a minimal number of individuals (MNI = 77). The MNI is based on counting adult mandibles and sub-adult long bones. Thirty-one individuals are sub-adults (aged 0 to 18) while 46 individuals are adults over the age of 19. Of the adults, 20 are male, 19 are females, seven individuals could not be identified. The burn condition of the skeletal elements suggest two different combustion levels that caused the fire damage to the bones. It appears that some bones are burned when the remains were fully skeletonized. While, some of the skeletal elements show burn patterns that suggest they were burned with flesh on them. Several lines of research assessment are being looked into. For example, despite the fragmentary and burnt condition of the remains, some skeletal lesions have been identified suggesting that these individuals suffered chronic DJD and infectious problems. We are also looking into the physical nature of the burning to see if we can histologically separate out lightly burnt bone from cremated bone fragments, in an attempt to see if we can determine which elements were or were not burned with flesh attached to them

Evidence of spina bifida occulta in the necropolis of RH5 (Sultanate of Oman): life expectancy and foot problems

The aim of this study is to evaluate the life expectancy in the necropolis of Ras al Hamra 5, Sultanate of Oman (3800-3300BC) used by fishermen. Given that the spinal defect might affect locomotion patterns, we decided to see if the presence of spina bifida lesions could be correlated with defects of the talus. Of 90 individuals with conserved sacred, 58 (64.4%) are affected with a high frequency of spina bifida, 40 complete spina bifida and 18 partial spina bifida. Spina bifida can be caused by genetic factors or dietary problems during pregnancy (i.e. folic acid deficiency). It is often recognized in past populations as a neural arch defect that involves all of the sacral arches. The evaluation of life expectancy of the three subsamples (individuals without spina bifida, complete spina bifida, partial spina bifida) shows that in the age classes up to 20 years the spina bifida of any type reduces life expectancy by about 20%. From this age the presence of partial spina bifida no longer affects life expectancy, while at 50 years it is reduced by 50% and there are no individuals in the older age groups, to testify that they have all died previously. Of the 90 burials with the sacred 36 had the talus. Of these, 10 did not have spina bifida, of which 7 had talus problems, 8 had partial spina bifida with 8 with talus problems and 18 with total spina bifida of which 13 with problems at the talus, with a slight greater incidence than in the other two categories

Crossing borders: investigating the international appeal of European films

This chapter investigates the international appeal of European films. I argue that most European films are unpopular outside their country-of-origin because they are low-budget productions with culturally-specific or controversial stories than only appeal to niche audiences. Nevertheless, drawing on industry data, focus group interviews and textual analysis, I demonstrate that some European films do successfully travel within Europe because they possess certain characteristics. These include major film awards, the involvement of international stars and/or a critically-acclaimed ‘auteur’ director, and pre-sold material (e.g. based on a best-selling book). I also uses the case-study of the French comedy drama Untouchable (2011) to show that even European films without these characteristics can still sometimes appeal to international audiences if they are shrewdly marketed and tap into wider social concerns