8 research outputs found
Corrimentos vaginais em gestantes: comparacao da abordagem sindromica com exames da pratica clinica da enfermagem
Differentiation and description of aromatic short grain rice landraces of eastern Indian state of Odisha based on qualitative phenotypic descriptors
Not Available
Not AvailableThe study pertains to a series of training
programs organized by ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice
Research (ICAR-IIRR) under the TSP project for tribal
farmers of Khammam District induring 2014-15. The
rice technology package was demonstrated to the
selected farmers with Improved Sambamahsuri (ISM)
- a Bacterial Leaf Blight resistant variety, quality seed
production, information on parthenium control
measures and skill training on preparation of compost
from parthenium. The objectives of the study were to
assess the economics of rice production practices
and quantify yield gaps and to provide rice intervention
package to the selected tribal farmers and to elicit
information on constraints in rice production and
suggestions from women farmers to improve the
effectiveness of training.It can be concluded that the average yield of
Rice Interventions (RI) and the average yield of the
Farmers Practice (FP) differ significantly in case of
tribal farmers’ fields. The Rice Interventions had a yield advantage of 1.85 t ha-1, which could be
attributed to the rice variety, improved Samba
mahsuri, training on the package of practices and
seed production and parthenium composting. There
exists a yield gap of 27 per cent which, if shortened,
will result in increase in production. Hence, efforts
should be made to disseminate the improved rice
varieties and information on good management
practices.Not Availabl
Effect of salinity and use of stress indices of morphological and physiological traits at the seedling stage in rice
843-850Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important cereal crop and a major staple food for majority of the human populations worldwide. Rice crop is sensitive to salinity. In spite of large number of studies on salinity tolerance of rice, our knowledge on the overall effect of salinity on rice seedling growth is limited. Improvement in salt tolerance of crop plants remains indescribable, largely due to the fact that salinity is a complex trait which affects almost every aspect of the physiology, biochemistry and genomics of plants. The present investigation was conducted to establish the relationship between various morphological, physiological traits and stress indices. A set of 131 rice accessions was evaluated in two levels namely, non-stress (EC ~ 1.2 dS/m) and saline stress (EC ~ 10 dS/m) in hydroponics at seedling stage. Root length and shoot lengths were reduced by 52 and 50%, respectively in saline stress compared to non-stress conditions. There was a significant correlation between various morphological and physiological parameters in non-saline in addition to saline stress as well as non-stress. The effect of the increased Na+ concentration in the medium is detrimental to root length and shoot length as observed by reduction in root length and a concomitant reduction in shoot length. Increased concentration of Na+ led to augmented Na+/K+ ratio with increased stress in the medium and decreased expression of traits. A significant positive correlation (r=0.60) was noticed between stress tolerance index (STI) of root and shoot length. The stress susceptibility index (SSI) for root length was expressed significant positive correlation with SSI for shoot length (r=0.43). SSI for K+ content was registered significant negative correlation with STI for Na+ content (r=-0.43). The three accessions namely, IC 545004, IC 545486 and IC 545215 were found to be the best performers adjudged on the morphological and physiological criteria in saline stress situation. These three rice accessions could be used as a donor parent or for genotypic studies in future breeding programs
Not Available
Not AvailableWith increasing population size, there is an urgent need to double the global food production by 2050, and the onus is on the agricultural scientists to develop new technologies and varieties to double the production. Development of new varieties in any crop varieties is time-consuming as it is dependent on generation period of a crop. Speed breeding or accelerated plant breeding is an emerging strategy among plant breeders to develop new cultivars in short span of time. Here, the plants are grown in controlled growth chambers or greenhouses using optimal light intensity and quality, particular day length and temperature, which accelerates various physiological processes in plants especially photosynthesis and flowering, thus shortening the generation time. Speed breeding can be used to achieve up to 4–6 generations per year instead of 2–3 generations under normal glasshouse conditions. Speed breeding approaches and protocols are well established and standardized for major crop species like wheat, barley and canola. This strategy is now being applied, and standardization protocols are in progress for other crops including perennial fruit crop like apple. Speed breeding could serve as a basic platform for integrating high-throughput phenotyping and genotyping techniques, marker-assisted/genomic selections and gene editing for improvement of the traits in crop species. The present chapter gives an overlook of speed breeding activities carried out in different crops and its importance in present situation of crop improvement under vagaries of environment due to climate change.Not Availabl
Effect of salinity and use of stress indices of morphological and physiological traits at the seedling stage in rice
Not AvailableRice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important cereal crop and a major staple food for majority of the human populations
worldwide. Rice crop is sensitive to salinity. In spite of large number of studies on salinity tolerance of rice, our knowledge on
the overall effect of salinity on rice seedling growth is limited. Improvement in salt tolerance of crop plants remains
indescribable, largely due to the fact that salinity is a complex trait which affects almost every aspect of the physiology,
biochemistry and genomics of plants. The present investigation was conducted to establish the relationship between various
morphological, physiological traits and stress indices. A set of 131 rice accessions was evaluated in two levels namely, non-
stress (EC ~ 1.2 dS/m) and saline stress (EC ~ 10 dS/m) in hydroponics at seedling stage. Root length and shoot lengths were
reduced by 52 and 50%, respectively in saline stress compared to non-stress conditions. There was a significant correlation
between various morphological and physiological parameters in non-saline in addition to saline stress as well as non-stress. The
effect of the increased Na concentration in the medium is detrimental to root length and shoot length as observed by reduction
in root length and a concomitant reduction in shoot length. Increased concentration of Na led to augmented Na /K ratio with
increased stress in the medium and decreased expression of traits. A significant positive correlation (r=0.60) was noticed
between stress tolerance index (STI) of root and shoot length. The stress susceptibility index (SSI) for root length was expressed
significant positive correlation with SSI for shoot length (r=0.43). SSI for K content was registered significant negative
correlation with STI for Na content (r=-0.43). The three accessions namely, IC 545004, IC 545486 and IC 545215 were found
to be the best performers adjudged on the morphological and physiological criteria in saline stress situation. These three rice
accessions could be used as a donor parent or for genotypic studies in future breeding programs.Not Availabl
Not Available
Not AvailableTo improve grain yield under direct seeded and aerobic conditions, weed competitive ability of a rice genotype is a key desirable trait. Hence, understanding and dissecting weed competitive associated traits at both morphological and molecular level is important in developing weed competitive varieties. In the present investigation, the QTLs associated with weed competitive traits were identifed in BC1F2:3 population derived from weed competitive accession of O. glaberrima (IRGC105187) and O. sativa cultivar IR64. The mapping population consisting of 144 segregating lines were phenotyped for 33 weed competitive associated traits under direct seeded condition. Genetic analysis of weed competitive traits carried out in BC1F2:3 population showed signifcant variation for the weed competitive traits and predominance of additive gene action. The population was genotyped with 81 genome wide SSR markers and a linkage map covering 1423 cM was constructed. Composite interval mapping analysis identifed 72 QTLs linked to 33 weed competitive traits which were spread on the 11 chromosomes. Among 72 QTLs, 59 were found to be major QTLs (> 10% PVE). Of the 59 major QTLs, 38 had favourable allele contributed from the O. glaberrima parent. We also observed nine QTL hotspots for weed competitive traits (qWCA2a, qWCA2b, qWCA2c, qWCA3, qWCA5, qWCA7, qWCA8, qWCA9, and qWCA10) wherein several QTLs co-localised. Our study demonstrates O. glaberrima species as potential source for improvement for weed competitive traits in rice and identifed QTLs hotspots associated with weed competitive traits.Department of Biotechnology, Government of India Grant no. BT/PR17115/NER/95/434/2015