From fuzzy to annotated semantic web languages

The aim of this chapter is to present a detailed, selfcontained and comprehensive account of the state of the art in representing and reasoning with fuzzy knowledge in Semantic Web Languages such as triple languages RDF/RDFS, conceptual languages of the OWL 2 family and rule languages. We further show how one may generalise them to so-called annotation domains, that cover also e.g. temporal and provenance extensions

Starch-based gel electrolyte thin films derived from native sago (Metroxylon sagu) starch

Starch-based gel electrolyte (SbGE) thin films were prepared by mixing native sago starch with different amounts of glycerol, and subsequently doped with various types of ionic salts. SbGE thin films showed substantially enhanced mechanical properties and ionic conductivity through incorporating optimal composition of native sago starch, glycerol, and ionic salts. A maximum room temperature ionic conductivity of the order of 10−3 S cm−1 was achieved for optimized SbGE thin film consisting of 80 wt% of native sago starch and 20 wt% of glycerol, and doped with 8 wt% of LiCl. SbGE thin films were characterized by Fourier transformed infrared spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Due to their favorable mechanical properties, high ionic conductivity at room temperature, ease of preparation, environmentally benign, and cheap, SbGE thin films show high potential utility as gel electrolyte materials for the fabrication of solid-state electrochemical devices