New species of Labiobulura (Nematoda: Ascaridida), and Dorcopsinema and Paralabiostrongylus (Nematoda: Strongylida) from Dorcopsis muelleri (Macropodidae) from Lengguru, West Papua, Indonesia

A new species of the Subuluridae (Nematoda: Ascaridida) Labiobulura lengguruensis n. sp. is described from the caecum and colon and two new species of the Chabertiidae: Cloacininae (Nematoda: Strongylida) Paralabiostrongylus tuberis n. sp. and Dorcopsinema amplum n. sp. are described from the stomachof the macropodid marsupial Dorcopsis muelleri (Lesson, 1827) (Mammalia: Macropodidae) in Papua Indonesia. Labiobulura lengguruensis differs from all congeners in having a simple denticle associated with each labial lobe of the buccal capsule. Paralabiostrongylus tuberis can be distinguished from its congeners in by the position of the deirid and the form of the dorsal ray and genital cone. Dorcopsinema amplum can be distinguished from its congeners by the length of the spicule, the morphology of the appendages on the ventral lip of the genital cone, the position of the lateral branches of the dorsal ray, the shape of the female tail, the morphology of the vagina and the size of the eggs.The known nematode fauna of D. muelleri is summarised. The finding of three species of Dorcopsinema each in a different geographical locality suggests the possibility of allopatric speciation. A revised key to the species of Dorcopsinema is given. © 2018 Royal Society of South Australia

Cestode parasites (Platyhelminthes) of rodents from New Guinea and adjacent islands with a redescription of Paroniella blanchardi (Parona, 1897) (Davaineidae)

Cestodes collected from a variety of species of rodents of the genera Chiruromys Thomas, 1888, Hydromys Geoffroy, 1804, Melomys Thomas, 1922, Paramelomys Rümmler, 1936, Pogonomys Milne-Edwards, 1877, Rattus Fischer de Waldheim, 1803 and Uromys Peters, 1867 from New Guinea and adjacent islands are reported. The species most frequently encountered was the cosmopolitan species Hymenolepis diminuta (Rudolphi, 1819) with a single occurrence of the related hymenolepidid Rodentolepis fraterna (Stiles, 1906). Davaineid cestodes were common with Raillietina celebensis (Janicki, 1902) and R. melomyos Jones & Anderson, 1996 being found in several host species. Paroniella blanchardi (Parona, 1897) is reported and is redescribed together with an apparently novel species of Paroniella Fuhrmann, 1920. Two species of Bertiella Stiles & Hassall, 1902, B. anapolytica Baylis, 1934 and B. musasabi Yamaguti, 1942 were encountered considerably extending their known host and geographical ranges. Mathevotaenia niuguiniensis Beveridge, 2008, previously reported from New Guinea was found in additional host species. A dilepidid cestode species was also found but the material available was insufficient to allow identification. Numerous new host species are reported for the cestodes described

Two species of Acanthocephala (Rhadinorhynchidae and Transvenidae) from Elasmobranchs from Australia

Acanthocephalan parasites, Serrasentis sagittifer, from a shark, Carcharhinus sorrah, and a species of Pararhadinorhynchus from a ray, Himantura granulata, are reported from Queensland, Australia. The collection of acanthocephalans from cartilaginous fish (elasmobranchs) as either occasional or definitive hosts is unusual, but not unknown. In this instance, the finding of S. sagittifer is considered an occasional infection. The life cycle of Pararhadinorhynchus sp., 1 of 4 species known only from elasmobranch hosts, is equivocal, as putative bony fish hosts are unknown. Of the other 3 species, only Megapriapus ungriai has an elasmobranch acknowledged as the definitive host. © The Helminthological Society of Washington

Redescription of Maupasina weissi (Seurat, 1913) (Nematoda: Ascaridida) from sengis, Elephantulus spp. and Macroscelides proboscideus (Shaw) (Macroscelidea), in Africa

Maupasina weissi (Seurat, 1913), is redescribed from the eastern rock sengi, Elephantulus myurus Thomas & Schwann, from Limpopo Province and compared with material collected from Free State and North West Provinces, South Africa, as well as the description of the type-material from South Tunisia. Distinguishing features of the species include a corona radiata of 12 pointed leaflike elements, a complex bipartite buccal capsule with 3 large bicuspid denticular lobes and 4 smaller club-shaped lobes and 11 (occasionally 10) pairs of cloacal papillae in the male. The complex taxonomic history of the genus Maupasina Seurat, 1917 is discussed. The probable misidentification of Macroscelides proboscideus Shaw, the short eared sengi, from North West Province, South Africa, as a host of M. weissi is explained, indicating that M. weissi occurs only in species of the genus Elephantulus Thomas & Schwann. The widely separated geographical regions, stretching the length of the African continent, in which M. weissi has been found are indicative of a conservative species with a broad geographical distribution. Tenebrionid beetles, up to 50% of stomach contents of E. myurus in Limpopo Province may act as intermediate hosts in the life-cycle of M. weissi. © 2018, Springer Nature B.V

Acanthocephalans from Australian elasmobranchs (Chondrichthyes) with a description of a new species in the genus Gorgorhynchus Chandler, 1934 (Rhadinorhynchidae)

Gorgorhynchus occultus n. sp. is described from Sutorectus tentaculatus (Peters) (Orectolobidae) collected off Bunbury, Western Australia in 1986. The new species differs from all other species of Gorgorhynchus Chandler, 1934 by having a suite of characters including a proboscis hook formula of 18–20 rows of 8–9 hooks, a well-developed neck, irregular circles of small spines in a single anterior field, the male reproductive system limited to the posterior quarter of the trunk and three cement glands. In a survey of 284 sharks collected between 2015 and 2018 from 10 localities in Australian waters, 11 individuals were infected with acanthocephalan cystacanths. One individual of Sphyrna mokarran (Rupell) (Sphyrnidae) was infected with Corynosoma cetaceum Johnston & Best, 1931. Serrasentis sagittifer (Linton, 1889) (Rhadinorhynchidae) was found in five individuals of S. mokarran, four individuals of Syphyrna lewini (Griffith & Smith) and one individual of Carcharhinus coatesi (Whitley) (Carcharhinidae). These infections may be accidental because it has been suggested that acanthocephalans cannot tolerate the high levels of urea used by marine and esturine elasmobranchs for osmoregulation. The two most common host species examined, S. mokarran and S. lewini had the highest intensities and prevalences of infection with S. sagittifer. Although more individuals of S. lewini were examined, S. mokarran had the higher prevalence of infection. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V

Description of new species of Coronostrongylus and Dorcopsistrongylus (Strongylida: Chabertiidae) from Dorcopsis muelleri (Macropodidae) from Kumawa Mountains, West Papua, Indonesia

New species of Coronostrongylus and Dorcopsistrongylus (Strongyloidea: Chabertiidae) are described from Dorcopsis muelleri (Macropodidae) from Kumawa Mountains, West Papua, Indonesia. Coronostrongylus hasegawai n.sp.is most similar to C. spearei, the only other species described from New Guinea, in having 24 longitudinal pleats in the buccal cavity and spicules less than 1,400 long. Coronostrongylus hasegawai differs from C. spearei, in a suite of characters including the shape of the cephalic collar, the proportions of the buccal capsule, the disposition of the bursal rays, the length of the spicules and the proportions of the ovejector. Dorcopsistrongylus supriyatnai n.sp differs from all congeners in lacking large anteriorly directed intestinal diverticula. The genus Coronostrongylus is found in Australia and New Guinea while the genus Dorcopsistrongylus appears to be endemic to New Guinea. Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Pres

Molecular characterisation of acanthocephalans from Australian marine teleosts: Proposal of a new family, synonymy of another and transfer of taxa between orders

We provide molecular data (cox1, 18S rDNA and 28S rDNA) for 17 acanthocephalan species and 20 host-parasite combinations from Australian marine teleosts collected from off Queensland, Australia. Fourteen of these acanthocephalans are characterised with molecular data for the first time and we provide the first molecular data for a species of each of the genera Heterosentis Van Cleave, 1931, Pyriproboscis Amin, Abdullah & Mhaisen, 2003 and Sclerocollum Schmidt & Paperna, 1978. Using 18S and 28S rDNA sequences, the phylogenetic position of each newly sequenced species is assessed with both single-gene and concatenated 18S+28S maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses. Additional phylogenetic analyses focusing on the genus Rhadinorhynchus Lühe, 1912 and related lineages are included. Our phylogenetic results are broadly consistent with previous analyses, recovering previously identified inconsistencies but also providing new insights and necessitating taxonomic action. We do not find sufficient evidence to recognise the Gymnorhadinorhynchidae Braicovich, Lanfranchi, Farber, Marvaldi, Luque & Timi, 2014 as distinct from the Rhadinorhynchidae Lühe, 1912. The family Gymnorhadinorhynchidae and its sole genus, Gymnorhadinorhynchus Braicovich, Lanfranchi, Farber, Marvaldi, Luque & Timi, 2014, are here recognised as junior synonyms of Rhadinorhynchidae and Rhadinorhynchus, respectively. The two species currently assigned to Gymnorhadinorhynchus are recombined as Rhadinorhynchus decapteri (Braicovich, Lanfranchi, Farber, Marvaldi, Luque & Timi, 2014) n. comb. and Rhadinorhynchus mariserpentis (Steinauer, Garcia-Vedrenne, Weinstein & Kuris, 2019) n. comb. In all of our analyses, Rhadinorhynchus biformis Smales, 2014 is found basal to the Rhadinorhynchidae + Transvenidae Pichelin & Cribb, 2001, thus resulting in a paraphyletic Rhadinorhynchidae. It appears that R. biformis may require a new genus and family; however, morphological data for this species are currently insufficient to adequately distinguish it from related lineages, thus we defer the proposal of any new higher-rank names for this species. Species of the genus Sclerocollum, currently assigned to the Cavisomidae Meyer, 1932, are found nested within the family Transvenidae. We transfer the genus Sclerocollum to the Transvenidae and amend the diagnosis of the family accordingly. The genera Gorgorhynchoides Cable & Linderoth, 1963 and Serrasentis Van Cleave, 1923, currently assigned to the Rhadinorhynchidae, are supported as sister taxa and form a clade in the Polymorphida. We transfer these genera and Golvanorhynchus Noronha, Fabio & Pinto, 1978 to an emended concept of the Isthomosacanthidae Smales, 2012 and transfer this family to the Polymorphida. Lastly, Pyriproboscis heronensis (Pichelin, 1997) Amin, Abdullah & Mhaisen, 2003, currently assigned to the Pomphorhynchidae Yamaguti, 1939, falls under the Polymorphida in our analyses with some support for a sister relationship with the Centrorhynchidae Van Cleave, 1916. As this species clearly does not belong in the Pomphorhynchidae and is morphologically and molecularly distinct from the lineages of the Polymorphida, we propose the Pyriprobosicidae n. fam. to accommodate it. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V

Description of new species of Coronostrongylus and Dorcopsistrongylus (Strongylida: Chabertiidae) from Dorcopsis muelleri (Macropodidae) from Kumawa Mountains, West Papua, Indonesia

New species of Coronostrongylus and Dorcopsistrongylus (Strongyloidea: Chabertiidae) are described from Dorcopsis muelleri (Macropodidae) from Kumawa Mountains, West Papua, Indonesia. Coronostrongylus hasegawai n.sp.is most similar to C. spearei, the only other species described from New Guinea, in having 24 longitudinal pleats in the buccal cavity and spicules less than 1,400 long. Coronostrongylus hasegawai differs from C. spearei, in a suite of characters including the shape of the cephalic collar, the proportions of the buccal capsule, the disposition of the bursal rays, the length of the spicules and the proportions of the ovejector. Dorcopsistrongylus supriyatnai n.sp differs from all congeners in lacking large anteriorly directed intestinal diverticula. The genus Coronostrongylus is found in Australia and New Guinea while the genus Dorcopsistrongylus appears to be endemic to New Guinea. Copyright © 2019 Magnolia Pres

Morphological and molecular characterisation of a new genus and species of acanthocephalan, Tenuisoma tarapungi n. g., n. sp. (Acanthocephala: Polymorphidae) infecting red-billed gulls in New Zealand, with a key to the genera of the Polymorphidae Meyer, 1931

Acanthocephalans of the family Polymorphidae Meyer, 1931 are cosmopolitan parasites that infect the intestines of fish-eating birds and mammals. Polymorphid acanthocephalans recovered from the intestines of red-billed gulls (Chroicocephalus scopulinus (Forster)) from the Otago coast, New Zealand, although morphologically similar to the genus Arhythmorhynchus Lühe, 1911 nevertheless have a unique molecular profile showing considerable genetic differentation, and are here diagnosed and described as Tenuisoma tarapungi n. g., n. sp. Characters which distinguish T. tarapungi include a very elongate, cylindrical hindtrunk, swollen anterior trunk with a spinose region, a secondary swelling in males only containing the testes, and hypodermal nuclei distributed throughout the length of the trunk. Molecular data (cox1, 18S, 28S) confirm that the representative of the new genus is closest to, but nonetheless strongly divergent from species of Pseudocorynosoma Aznar, Pérez-Ponce de León & Raga, 2006. Immature specimens are described and illustrated, demonstrating the extreme degree of hindtrunk inversion occurring in immature individuals of this species. We provide a key to the genera of the family Polymorphidae. © 2020, Springer Nature B.V

A review of the genus Sclerocollum Schmidt & Paperna, 1978 (Acanthocephala: Cavisomidae) from rabbitfishes (Siganidae) in the Indian and Pacific Oceans

Seven of the eleven species of Siganus Richardson (Siganidae) collected off the coasts of Australia, New Caledonia, French Polynesia and Palau were infected with species of Sclerocollum Schmidt & Paperna, 1978 (Acanthocephala: Cavisomidae). A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a Discriminant Analysis were performed on a morphometric dataset of specimens of Sclerocollum including borrowed type-specimens of Sc. rubrimaris Schmidt & Paperna, 1978 from the Indian Ocean and of Sc. robustum Edmonds, 1964, the only acanthocephalan species known previously from an Australian siganid. These analyses showed that the lengths of proboscis hooks were useful variables for separating specimens into groups and supported the presence of two known species (Sc. robustum and Sc. rubrimaris) and one new species (Sc. australis n. sp.) in Australian waters. We found Sc. robustum in Siganus lineatus (Valenciennes) from off Queensland and Sc. rubrimaris in S. fuscescens (Houttuyn) from off Western Australia and Queensland, S. punctatissimus Fowler & Bean from off Queensland and S. argenteus (Quoy & Gaimard), S. corallinus (Valenciennes), S. canaliculatus (Park) and S. doliatus Guérin-Méneville from off New Caledonia (all new host and locality records) which we compared with museum specimens of Sc. rubrimaris from S. rivulatus Forsskål & Niebuhr and S. argenteus [as S. rostratus (Valenciennes)] from the Red Sea. The third species, Sclerocollum australis n. sp., was found only in S. corallinus and S. doliatus from off Queensland. Sclerocollum australis n. sp. can be distinguished from its congeners by a unique combination of characters of the proboscis armature, including lengths of hooks 1–7. Specimens of Sclerocollum were also found in Zebrasoma velifer (Bloch) (Acanthuridae) from off Queensland, and Coradion altivelis McCulloch (Chaetodontidae) and Heniochus acuminatus (Linnaeus) (Chaetodontidae) from off New Caledonia. No acanthocephalans were found in siganids collected from Palau (Micronesia) or Moorea (French Polynesia) or Moreton Bay and Noosa (Queensland, Australia). We found no acanthocephalans in S. puellus (Schlegel), S. punctatus (Schneider & Forster), S. spinus (Linnaeus) or S. vulpinus (Schlegel & Müller). Evidence suggests that species of the genus Sclerocollum have travelled with S. argenteus across the Indo-Pacific with Sc. rubrimaris dispersed widely and Sc. robustum and Sc. australis n. sp. restricted to the Queensland coast, Australia. © 2015, Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht