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์์ธ์์ญ๋ด๋ฌด์ญ:์งํ,์์ธ๋ฐ์์ฌ์
ํ์๋
ผ๋ฌธ(์์ฌ)--์์ธ๋ํ๊ต ๋ํ์ :๊ตญ์ ๋ํ์ ๊ตญ์ ํ๊ณผ(๊ตญ์ ํ๋ ฅ์ ๊ณต),2019. 8. Ahn, Jaebin.This study aims to analyze the degree of intra-ASEAN trade to determine how high ASEANs de facto regional trade integration is, in comparison to other regions โ EU, NAFTA and Mercosur, using two methods. Firstly, this paper will use trade indicators such as trade share, trade intensity and regional introversion index to compare across regions. This method produced contradictory results. For trade share, ASEAN was lower than EU and NAFTA and higher than Mercosur. For trade intensity and regional introversion index, however, the results shown are opposite.
As the first method produced contradictory results, a second method involving a gravity model was conducted. This method showed that ASEAN has a smaller impact on intra-regional trade than the standard FTA. EU was also found to be more integrated in terms of trade than ASEAN. The dummies for NAFTA and Mercosur were both statistically insignificant, suggesting no effect on trade beyond the standard FTA.
To explain why ASEAN has a limited regional trade integration despite tariff reductions, this paper identifies that both the Most Favored Nation (MFN) applied tariff and ASEANs preferential tariffs on its six FTA partners have reduced concurrently with the reduction in preferential tariffs toward ASEAN. As such, there is less incentive for ASEAN exporters trade within the block than outside the block.1992 ๋
์ ์์ธ์ ์์ ๋ฌด์ญํ์ ์ด ์ฒด๊ฒฐ๋์๊ณ , ์์ธ์ ํ์๊ตญ๋ค์ ๊ด์ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์ถ์์ผ๋ฉฐ, ์ดํ 2007 ๋
์๋ ์์ธ์ ๊ฒฝ์ ๊ณต๋์ฒด๋ฅผ ์ด๋ฃจ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฌ๋ ์์ธ์์ ์ ๋ถ ์ง๋์๋ค์ ์์ธ์์ ์ญ๋ด ๋ฌด์ญ ์ ์ ์จ ์งํ๋ฅผ ํตํด ์์ธ์ ์ญ๋ด ๋ฌด์ญ์ด ์ฌ์ ํ ๋์ง๋ ์๋ค๊ณ ๋ฐํํ๋ค.
๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ๋ EU, NAFTA, ๊ทธ๋ฆฌ๊ณ Mercosur ๋ฑ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ญ๋ด ๊ธฐ๊ตฌ์ ๋นํด ์์ธ์์ ์ญ๋ด ๋ฌด์ญ์ด ์ฌ์ ํ ๋์ง ์๋ค๋ ์ฃผ์ฅ์ ๊ดํ์ฌ ์ธ ๊ฐ์ง ์งํ(๋ฌด์ญ ์ ์ ์จ, ์ญ๋ด ๋ฌด์ญ ์ง์ค๋์ง์, ์ง์ญ๋ฌด์ญ๋ดํฅ์ฑ์ง์)๋ฅผ ํตํด ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. ๊ทธ๋ฐ๋ฐ ๊ฐ ์งํ ๋ถ์์ ์๋ก ๋ชจ์๋ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ํ๋ค. ๋ฌด์ญ ์ ์ ์จ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, EU ์ NAFTA ๊ฐ ์์ธ์์์์ ์ญ๋ด ๋ฌด์ญ๋ณด๋ค ๋๊ฒ ๋ํ๋ฌ๊ณ Mercosur ๊ฐ ์์ธ์์์์ ์ญ๋ด ๋ฌด์ญ๋ณด๋ค ๋ฎ์๋ค. ๋ฐ๋ฉด ์ญ๋ด ๋ฌด์ญ ์ง์ค๋์ง์ ๋ฐ ์ง์ญ๋ฌด์ญ๋ดํฅ์ฑ์ง์์ ๋ฐ๋ฅด๋ฉด, EU ์ NAFTA ๊ฐ ์์ธ์์์์ ์ญ๋ด ๋ฌด์ญ๋ณด๋ค ๋ฎ๊ฒ ๋ํ๋ฌ๊ณ Mercosur ๊ฐ ์์ธ์์์์ ์ญ๋ด ๋ฌด์ญ๋ณด๋ค ๋์๋ค.
๋ฐ๋ผ์ ๋ณด๋ค ์ ํํ ์ฐ๊ตฌ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ป๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ค๋ ฅ ๋ชจํ์ ํตํด ๋ถ์ํ์๋ค. ์ค๋ ฅ ๋ชจํ์ ๋ถ์ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, EU ์ ๋นํด ์์ธ์ ์ญ๋ด ๋ฌด์ญ์ด ๋ฌธํ์์์ ๊ฐ์ด ๋์ง ์์์ ํ์ธํ ์ ์์๋ค. ๋ํ NAFTA ์ Mercosur ๋ ํต๊ณ์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์๋ฏธํ์ง ์์๋ค.
๋ง์ง๋ง์ผ๋ก ๊ณต๋์ ํจํนํ๊ด์ธ(CEPT) ํ์ '๊ด์ธ๋ฅผ ๋ฎ์ท์์๋ ๋ถ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์ ์์ธ์ ์ญ๋ด ๋ฌด์ญ์ด ๋์ง ์์๋๊ฐ'์ ๋ํ ์ค๋ช
์ ์ํด ๊ด์ธ ๋ฐ์ดํฐ๋ฅผ ์ฌ์ฉํ์ฌ ๋ถ์ํ์๊ณ , ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ๋ ๊ฐ์ง ์์ธ์ ์ ์ํ๋ค. ์ฒซ์งธ, ์ตํ๊ตญ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์ ์ฉํ ๊ด์ธ๊ฐ ๋ฎ์์ง๊ณผ ๋์์ ์์ธ์ ๊ตญ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋์์ผ๋ก ํนํ๊ด์ธ๋ ๋ฎ์์ก๋ค. ๋์งธ, ์์ธ์์ 6 ๊ฐ์ FTA ํ์๊ตญ์ ๋ํ ํนํ๊ด์ธ๊ฐ ๋ฎ์์ก๋ค๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค. ์ฌ์ค์ ์ด ๋ ํนํ๊ด์ธ ์ฌ์ด์ ์ฐจ์ด๋ ๊ฑฐ์ ๋ฌด์ํด๋ ๋๋ ์์ค์ด๋ค. ์ฆ, FTA ํ์๊ตญ์ ๋ํ ์ตํ๊ตญ ๋์ ๊ด์ธ ๋ฐ ํนํ๊ด์ธ๊ฐ ๋์์ ๊ฐ์ํ๊ณ , ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ์ญ์ธ ๋ฌด์ญ๊ณผ ๋น๊ตํ์ฌ ์์ธ์ ์ญ๋ด ๋ฌด์ญ์์์ ์ธ์ผํฐ๋ธ ๋ํ ๊ฑฐ์ ์๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์์ธ์ ์ญ๋ด ๋ฌด์ญ์ด ๋์ง ์๋ค๋ ๊ฒฐ๋ก ์ ๋์ถํ ์ ์์๋ค.Chapter 1. Introduction . 1
Chapter 2. Literature Review 6
2.1 Intra-Regional Trade . 6
2.1.1. Measurements and Indicators of Intra-Regional trade 7
2.1.2. Identifying the Determinants of Trade Integration . 8
2.1.3. Impact on Trade and Economic Development 9
2.1.4. Prospects of Further Economic Integration 11
2.2 Intra-ASEAN Trade 11
2.2.1. Existing Approaches . 12
2.2.2. Nature of Intra-ASEAN Trade 13
Chapter 3. Methodology and Analysis 18
3.1 Intra-Regional Trade Indicators 19
3.1.1. Intra-Regional Trade Share . 20
3.1.2. Intra-Regional Trade Intensity 23
3.1.3. Regional Introversion Index 26
3.1.4. Discussion . 28
3.2 Gravity Model. 29
3.2.1. Gravity Model with FTA dummy 30
3.2.2. Gravity Model with individual regions dummies 32
3.2.3. Gravity Model with combined regions dummies 39
3.2.4. Gravity Models with robustness checks 42
3.3 Possible Reasons for Level of Integration 45
3.3.1. ASEANs MFN tariffs. 45
3.3.2. ASEANs PRF tariffs on its FTA partners. 48
3.3.3. Discussion . 50
Chapter 4. Conclusion 52
Bibliography 55
Acknowledgements . 60
๊ตญ๋ฌธ์ด๋ก (Abstract in Korean) 62Maste
Making ethnic tourism good for the poor
Ministry of Education, Singapore under its Academic Research Funding Tier